Joseph-François Malgaigne

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Joseph-François Malgaigne

Joseph-François Malgaigne (born February 14, 1806 in Charmes sur Moselle , † October 17, 1865 in Paris ) was a French surgeon.

Live and act

Malgaigne's father was a country surgeon who took part in the Napoleonic campaigns as a health officer ("officier de santé"). He died of cholera in his country practice in 1832. His son Joseph-François trained as a health officer in Nancy by 1826 and then studied medicine in Paris . In 1827 he was an intern ("external des hôpitaux") and from 1828 to 1830 ward student ("élève stagiaire") in the Paris military hospital Val-de-Grâce . In 1831 he defended his doctoral thesis.

As head of a French military ambulance, he took part in the storming of Warsaw and did not leave the country until the uprising had collapsed.

Successively he was connected with the Hôpital Saint-Louis and with the Hôpital de la Charité . In 1835 he was appointed associate professor and applied four times for a full professorship, which he received in 1850 for the chair of surgery ("médecine opératoire").

From June 28, 1847 to February 24, 1848 he was a member of the left-center group (“center gauche”) in the last legislative period of the Chamber of Deputies of the July Monarchy .

Since 1846 he was a member of the "Académie de médicine", of which he was elected President in 1865. On January 10, 1865, in the second session of the Académie, which he chaired as president, he suffered a stroke from the consequences of which he did not recover. After his death he left a fortune of F 1,054,876.63.

Quarrelsome journalist

From the 1830s, he drew attention to himself through his critical and mostly polemical magazine articles. He was the owner of a "Journal de Chirurgie", which he edited alone for four years, and took over its management when it was renamed "Revue médico-chirurgicale" in 1847.

In 1843 he litigated Jules Guérin , the founder of the magazine "La Gazette médicale". Guérin was the director of a private orthopedic institute and he had been entrusted with the care of the orthopedic clinic of the "Hôpital Necker-Enfants malades" without prior notice. Guérin was the spokesman for a school that assumed that all congenital deformities of the skeleton caused by muscle shortening and consequently should be treated by tenomyotomy . Malgaigne examined the patients treated by Guérin and showed that the tenomyotomy showed only moderate success. He was then sued by Guérin, but was partially awarded rights in November 1843 and in an appeal in March 1844.

At the meeting of the Académie de médecine on December 13, 1853, Malgaigne raised the question of whether it was true that fewer people had reached adulthood since the introduction of the smallpox vaccination. Louis-Adolphe Bertillon responded to him in 1855 with a statistical memorandum.

Jos. François Malgaigne. Caricature by Étienne Carjat

In 1875 Jules Richard remembered Malgaigne:

Ce petit homme sec, au teint bilieux, à l'œil ardent, n'avait rien de Mirabeau ni de Lamartine; sa voix cassante et métallique, scandant les paroles comme pour les faire entrer plus avant, laissait filtrer entre ses lèvres minces l'ironie, le sarcasme, l'apostrophe et même l'invective; elle s'élevait souvent jusqu'à la hauteur de l'éloquence, mais il ne sut jamais la maîtriser.
This small, gaunt man with the bilious complexion and the fiery look had nothing of a Mirabeau or a Lamartine . His metallic, cutting voice chanted the words as if she wanted to push them further. That voice filtered the irony, the sarcasm, the omission, and even the abuse between his thin lips. She often rose to the point of eloquence, but he never had her control.

doctor

Compared to his contemporaries Auguste Nélaton , Émile Vidal , Amédée Bonnet , Duchenne and Valleix , Malgaigne was neither a great clinician nor a bold surgeon. His main merits are in the field of theoretical medicine. His Manuel de médecine opératoire was published nine times between 1834 and 1888 and translated into English and German. His main work was the Traité des fractures et des luxations , which circulated from 1847 . On January 12, 1847, Malgaigne gave the Académie de médécine the first scientific report on the use of ether anesthesia in France.

As a medical historian, he edited the surgical works of Ambroise Parés , and he prepared an overall account of the history of surgery, which he was no longer able to complete.

Works

  • Nouvelle théorie de la voix humaine, thèse de Paris, 1828. (Winning publication of the Société médicale d'émulation). Printed in 1831 in: Archives générales de médecine as Nouvelle théorie de la voix  : pp. 202–239 (digitized version ) and p. 327–355 (digitized version )
  • Mémoire sur les luxations scapulo-humérales. In: Journal des progrès , 1830
  • Des polypes utérines (Th. Agrég.) Paris 1833
  • Manuel de médecine opératoire, fondée sur l'anatomie normal et l'anatomie pathologique . Baillière, Paris 1834 (digitized version) 9th edition, Alcan, Paris 1888 Volume I (digitized version) Volume II (digitized version)
    • Textbook of Operative Medicin . Translated by Dr. Heinrich Ehrenberg. (After the 4th edition.) Friedlein and Hirsch, Leipzig 1843 (digitized version)
    • Manual of operative surgery … Renshaw, London 1846 (digitized version)
    • Operative surgery … Blanchard, Philadelphia 1851 (digitized version)
  • Traité d'anatomie chirurgicale et de chirurgie expérimentale. Elections, Brussels 1838 (digitized version)
  • Histoire de la chirurgie en occident depuis le VIe jusqu'au XVIe siècle, et histoire de la vie et des travaux d'Ambroise Paré. Baillière, Paris 1840 (digitized version)
  • Œuvres complètes d'Ambroise Paré… Baillière, Paris 1840–1841 Volume I (1840) (digitized version) Volume II (1840) (digitized version) Volume III (1841) (digitized version)
  • Mémoire sur un nouveau moyen de prévenir l'inflammation après les grandes lésions traumatiques et specialement après les opérations chirurgicales. Cosson, Paris 1841 (digitized version)
  • Leçons cliniques sur les hernies, faites à l'amphithéâtre du Bureau central des hôpitaux civils de Paris a 1839-1840, par J.-F. Malgaigne . Baillière, Paris 1841 (digitized version)
  • Etudes sur l'anatomie et la physiologie d'Homère. Baillière, Paris 1842 (digitized version)
  • Traité des fractures et des luxations. Baillière, Paris 1847–1855 Volume I (1847) (digitized version) Volume II (1855) (digitized version) Atlas (1855) (digitized version)
  • Leçons d'orthopédie … A. De la Haye, Paris 1862 (digitized version )

Catalog raisonnés

  • Exposé des travaux scientifiques de J.-F. Malgaigne. Sl, sn, 1866. (digitized version)
  • Candidature à une place vacante à l'Académie royale de médecine, section pathologie chirurgicale. Exposé des titres de MJ-F. Malgaigne . Paris (digitized version)
  • Jarjavay. Eloge de M. le Pr Malgaigne prononcé ... à la séance de rentrée de la Faculté de médecine, le 3 novembre 1866. (digitized version)

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Paradoxes de médecine théorique et pratique. Thèse, Paris 1831 (digitized version)
  2. ^ Coup d'œil sur la médécine et la chirurgie en Pologne, pendant la dernière révolution. In: Gazette médicale de Paris , Saturday, February 4, 1832 (digitized version)
  3. ^ Mandate à l'Assemblée nationale or à la Chambre des députés
  4. ↑ Pierre Huard. Le centenaire de la mort de Joseph-François Malgaigne (1806-1865). In: Revue d'histoire des sciences et de leurs applications , 1966, volume 19 n ° 4. P. 379–380 (digitized version )
  5. ^ Joseph-François Malgaigne. Mémoire sur la valeur réelle de l'orthopédie et spécialement de la myotomie rachidienne dans le traitement des dérivations latérales de l'épine, précédé d'un mémoire sur l'abus et le danger des sections tendineuses et musculaires dans le traitement de certaines difformités. P. Dupont, Paris 1845 (digitized version)
  6. ↑ Louis-Adolphe Bertillon. Conclusions statistiques contre les tracteurs de la vaccine et réponse à une demande de M. le professeur Malgaigne. Malteste, Paris 1855 (digitized version )
  7. ^ Jules Richard (1819-1896). Histoire de la chirurgie française au XIXe siècle. Baillière, Paris 1875, p. 441 (digitized version)
  8. ↑ Bulletin de l'Académie de médécine, Volume XII (1847), p. 263
personal data
SURNAME Malgaigne, Joseph-François
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French surgeon
DATE OF BIRTH February 14, 1806
PLACE OF BIRTH Charmes sur Moselle
DATE OF DEATH October 17, 1865
Place of death Paris