Joseph Clément Tissot

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Joseph Clément Tissot

Joseph Clément Tissot , depending on the source also Joseph-Clément Tissot , Clément Joseph Tissot or Clément-Joseph Tissot (born December 8, 1747 in Ornans ; † June 30, 1826 ) was a French military doctor and early pioneer of physiotherapy . He was one of the first to introduce systematic gymnastics based on anatomical principles into the therapy of orthopedic and surgical diseases and thus made a decisive contribution to therapeutic and physiotherapy in terms of medical history.

Life

Joseph Clément Tissot was born the son of a pharmacist in 1747 near Besançon in the small French town of Ornans . He studied medicine in Besançon and then joined the French army in 1777, where he worked as a surgeon . He soon started using a therapy concept with early movement therapy, contrary to the practice of long immobilization at the time. In 1780 he published his ideas on physiotherapy in his text "Gymnastique Médicinale et Chirurgicale". Because of the attention he gained, he was made a long-distance member of the Society for Medicine. After the French Revolution he lost his job at the court and was sent to prison for a short time. He then served as a senior surgeon in Napoleon's army until he retired in 1811 . He spent the time up to his death in 1826 in Paris .

plant

Gymnastique médicinale et chirurgicale , 1782

In his 1780 work Gymnastique Médicinale et Chirurgicale , which appeared in German in 1782 under the title Medicinische und Surgical Gymnastik and was later translated into English, he describes his ideas. The work is one of the earliest writings of physiotherapy and appeared before the publications of the Swedish gymnastics pioneer Pehr Henrik Ling . In the first part, Tissot examines the effects of exercise and rest on health. He already recognized that active and passive movement of the patient are necessary in order to avoid pressure sores and "stiffness and adhesions of the joints". When performing his exercise therapy, he attached great importance to a correct selection of exercises and load dosage adapted to the client and his injury. In the second part, he systematically describes physiotherapeutic exercises for the treatment of rickets , apoplexy , rheumatism , gout and other surgical and orthopedic indications.

In his work Effets du sommeil et de la veille dans le traitement des maladies (first edition 1781), he dealt with the influence of sleep and wakefulness on the healing process. In his work De l'Influence des passions de l'âme dans les maladies , published in 1798 . Et des moyens d'en corriger les mauvais effets , he answers the question of the influence of spiritual passions on diseases. Among other things, he stated that laughter in children, which is provoked by tickling, has a healing effect.

Fonts

  • Joseph Clément Tissot: Medicinal and surgical gymnastics or experiment on the benefits of movement or various physical exercises, and of rest in the healing of diseases . Jacobeans and Son, Leipzig 1782.
  • Joseph Clément Tissot: Effets du sommeil et de la veille dans le traitement des maladies externes . Briot, Besançon 1795.
  • Joseph Clément Tissot: De l'Influence des passions de l'âme dans les maladies. Et des moyens d'en corriger les mauvais effets. King, Paris, Strasbourg 1798.

literature

  • ALZ: Review of "De l'Influence des passions de l'âme dans les maladies" . In: Allgemeine Literatur Zeitung . No. 378 , 1798, pp. 665-668 ( uni-jena.de ).
  • Uwe Schwender: The military surgeon Joseph Clément Tissot - an early advocate of physiotherapy and movement therapy . In: German magazine for sports medicine . tape 59 , no. 2 , 2008, p. 43–45 ( zeitschrift-sportmedizin.de [PDF; 285 kB ]).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Uwe Schwender: The military surgeon Joseph Clément Tissot - an early advocate of physiotherapy and movement therapy . In: German magazine for sports medicine . tape 59 , no. 2 , 2008, p. 43 ( zeitschrift-sportmedizin.de [PDF]).
  2. ^ Zachary Cope: A Translation of Joseph-Clément Tissot's Gymnastique Médicinale et Chirurgicale . In: Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine . tape 58 , no. 10 , 1965, p. 842 , PMC 1898932 (free full text).
  3. ↑ Arnd Krüger : History of movement therapy. In: Preventive Medicine. Springer Loseblatt Collection, Heidelberg 1999, 07.06, pp. 1–22.
  4. ↑ ALZ: Review of "De l'Influence des passions de l'âme dans les maladies" . In: Allgemeine Literatur Zeitung . No. 378 , 1798, pp. 665-668 ( uni-jena.de ).
personal data
SURNAME Tissot, Joseph Clément
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Tissot, Joseph-Clément (full name); Tissot, Clément Joseph (full name); Tissot, Clément-Joseph (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French military doctor and early pioneer of physiotherapy
DATE OF BIRTH December 8, 1747
PLACE OF BIRTH Ornans
DATE OF DEATH June 30, 1826