Juan Bautista de Toledo

Juan Bautista de Toledo (originally Juan Bautista de Alfonso , * around 1515 probably in the Basque Country near Ribadesella , † May 16, 1567 in Madrid ) was one of the most famous Spanish architects of his time. He is considered the most important forerunner of the ornamentless Herrera style .

education

After studying in Rome of Philosophy , Greek , Latin , mathematics and sculpture , he worked as a student of Andrea Palladio , Baldassare Peruzzi and Jacopo Sansovino 1546-1548 under Michelangelo in the construction of St. Peter in Rome.

Stations of his life

San Lorenzo de El Escorial

Bautista was called to this city in October 1548 by the viceroy of Naples, who was of Spanish descent, Pedro de Toledo . He married Ursula Javarria ; this marriage resulted in two children. In the autumn of 1559 he was called to the Spanish court by King Philip II and given the title of royal court architect . His task was to introduce the Italian high renaissance in Spain , which at that time was still dominated by the Moorish and Gothic architectural styles. His entire family died in a sea accident on the crossing to Spain. In the years 1561 to 1562 he planned the entire complex for the Escorial ; on April 23, 1563 he laid the foundation stone. On August 10, 1563 he was officially appointed builder of the Real Monasterio de El Escorial .

Juan Bautista died after a serious illness on May 16, 1567, long before the completion of the Escorial; his long-time assistant, Juan de Herrera , then took over the completion and is therefore considered the builder. The authorship of Juan Bautista is confirmed in more and more publications.

Works

Palace of Aranjuez

Rome : San Giacomo de los Españoles
Naples : Strada de Toledo
Naples : Santiago Church
Aranjuez : Royal residence
Madrid : facade of the Iglesia de las Descalzas Reales

literature

Alexander Dobler: Juan Bautista de Toledo. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 12, Bautz, Herzberg 1997, ISBN 3-88309-068-9 , Sp. 293-294. ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )

Web links

Monasterio del Escorial Memoria Historia (Spanish)
New Advent (English)
Palacio Real on the website of the city of Aranjuez (Spanish)

personal data
SURNAME	Toledo, Juan Bautista de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Alfonso, Juan Bautista de
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Spanish architect
DATE OF BIRTH	15th century or 16th century
PLACE OF BIRTH	unsure: Basque Country
DATE OF DEATH	May 16, 1567
Place of death	Madrid