Judenrat Amsterdam

The "Judenrat Amsterdam" ( Dutch Joodsche Raad voor Amsterdam ) was an agency of the German occupying forces in the Netherlands during World War II in Amsterdam , between February 1941 and September 1943. The Judenrat Amsterdam was jointly organized by during the time of its existence, Abraham Asscher and David Cohen headed . Inevitably, the Judenrat was a cooperation partner and central contact of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Amsterdam .

function

The members of the Judenrat were forced to take part in the persecution and suppression of Dutch Jews and foreign Jewish refugees (mostly from Germany). The allegation of collaboration was brought against the Judenrat .

So-called Joods Raads were also set up by the occupiers in other regions of the Netherlands. The Jewish Council of Amsterdam was particularly important because of the high proportion of Amsterdam residents in the Jewish population.

Hans Böhmcker , until 1942 under Reich Commissioner Arthur Seyß-Inquart , the German Reich's representative for the city of Amsterdam, set up the “Council” on February 12, 1941. The occasion was clashes in the Jewish quarter after which a member of the Weerbaarheidsafdeling succumbed to his injuries. As a first duty, the council had to call on all Jews to deliver all kinds of weapons immediately. The Judenrat tried to save as many Jewish compatriots as possible from deportation and thus the Holocaust by exempting them , but this did not succeed. On June 26, 1942, the head of the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Amsterdam demanded support for a “work assignment in Germany”; the Judenrat should provide transport papers and declarations of assets for those affected. Only hesitantly and with serious reservations did the two chairmen agree to this. The promises made to them were not kept.

The End

The chairmen Asscher and Cohen, as well as other members of the Joods Raads, were one of the last Jews remaining in the Netherlands on September 23, 1943, via the Westerbork transit camp , a concentration camp assembly camp (officially a police transit camp for Jews ) , to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, respectively . the Theresienstadt ghetto deported .

people

J. Arons (doctor)

Abraham Asscher

N. de Beneditty (judge, was released from duty by Germans)

A. van den Bergh

Max Brahn (as representative of foreign Jews)

David Cohen

AB Gomperts (Lawyer)

I. de Haan

A. de Hoop

ML Kan (Chairman of the Nederlandse Zionisten Bond )

I. Kisch (university lecturer)

A. Krouwel

SJ van Lier (Amsterdam City Council)

AJ Mendes da Costa

Juda Lion Palache (chairman of the Portuguese-Israelite community and professor at the University of Amsterdam)

MI Prins

Lodewijk Hartog Sarlouis (Chief Rabbi at the Dutch-Israelite Hoofd Synagogue, Amsterdam)

DM Sluys (Secretary of the Jewish Community)

A. Soep (diamond dealer )

I. Voet (Chairman of the Algemene Nederlandse Diamantbewerkers Bond )

IHJ Vos (Former parliamentary group leader of the Liberal State Party in the Amsterdam City Council)

literature

Hans Knoop: De Joodsche Raad: het drama van Abraham Asscher and David Cohen . Amsterdam / Brussel: Elsevier, 1983. ISBN 90-10-04656-7 .
Willy Lindwer, ism J. Houwink ten Cate: Het fatale dilemma. De Joodsche Raad voor Amsterdam 1941–1943 . The Hague: SDU, 1995.
NKCA in 't Veld: De Joodse Ereraad . 's-Gravenhage: SDU, 1989. ISBN 90-12-06320-5 (The Jewish Honorary Council was set up after 1945 to assess the collaboration)
Dan Michman : De oprichting van de "Joodsche Raad voor Amsterdam" vanuit een vergelijkend perspectief , in: Oorlogsdocumentatie '40 -'45: Yearbook of the Rijksinstituut voor Oorlogsdocumentatie , Red. NDJ Barnouw ea , Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 1992, p. 74– 100.
Dan Michman: "Jewish councils" and "Jewish associations" under National Socialist rule. Structure and application of an administrative concept, in: Dan Michman: The historiography of the Shoah from a Jewish perspective. Conceptualizations, terminology, views, basic questions , Hamburg: Dölling and Galitz Verlag, 2002, pp. 104–117. ISBN 3-935549-08-3 . First published in Zeitschrift für Geschichtswwissenschaft , Volume 46 (1998), Issue 4, pp. 293-304.

Web links

Joods Historisch Museum, Amsterdam

CIDI Joden in Nederland en België

The Destruction of the Jews of the Netherlands During the Holocaust (English)

Jewish Historical Museum (Amsterdam) (English)

Center for Research on Dutch Jewry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (English)

Jacques Presser : Ondergang: De vervolging en verdelging van het Nederlandse jodendom 1940–1945 (at dbnl.org; nl.)

Individual evidence

↑ Document VEJ 5/56 = The persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 Vol 5. Western and Northern Europe 1940 - June 1942 . Edited by Katja Happe. De Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-486-58682-4 , pp. 216-218 (= Doc. 56)
↑ Katja Happe u. a. (Ed.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945. Volume 12: Western and Northern Europe, June 1942–1945. Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-486-71843-0 , p. 31.
^ Friso Wielenga : The Netherlands: Politics and political culture in the 20th century. Waxmann, Münster 2008, ISBN 978-3-8309-1844-8 , p. 213

[1] Document VEJ 5/56 = The persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 Vol 5. Western and Northern Europe 1940 - June 1942 . Edited by Katja Happe. De Gruyter, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-486-58682-4 , pp. 216-218 (= Doc. 56)

[2] Katja Happe u. a. (Ed.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945. Volume 12: Western and Northern Europe, June 1942–1945. Munich 2015, ISBN 978-3-486-71843-0 , p. 31.

[3] Friso Wielenga : The Netherlands: Politics and political culture in the 20th century. Waxmann, Münster 2008, ISBN 978-3-8309-1844-8 , p. 213