Hans Bohmcker

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Böhmcker (Amsterdam, 1942)

Hans Böhmcker (born November 6, 1899 in Schwartau ; † October 18, 1942 ) was the National Socialist Senator of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck and temporarily under the Reich Commissioner for the Netherlands , Arthur Seyß-Inquart , the German Reich's representative for the city of Amsterdam .

Life

Böhmcker was the son of a lawyer in Schwartau near Lübeck. The later National Socialist Mayor of Bremen Johann Heinrich Böhmcker was his cousin. After serving at the front in the First World War and subsequent deployments as a free corps fighter , Böhmcker studied law at the Georg-August University and was a member of the Corps Brunsviga Göttingen .

He also completed his studies with a PhD. jur. and then became a judge in Lübeck. At the beginning of 1933 he became a member of the NSDAP . On June 8, 1933 he was appointed Senator for Justice under Mayor Otto-Heinrich Drechsler by the Reich Governor Friedrich Hildebrandt, who was responsible for Lübeck . As a senator, he vigorously ensured conformity in Lübeck. Böhmcker was considered the "leading head" of the Senate.

Since June 1, 1933, the member of the German Christians officiated as Senate Commissioner for the affairs of the Evangelical Lutheran Church . He had the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lübeck subordinate to a church committee controlled by him, which in 1934 appointed Erwin Balzer, a staunch National Socialist bishop, and drafted a new church constitution in line with the National Socialists. The Lübeck pastors of the Confessing Church who resisted him in the Lübeck church struggle , including Johannes Pautke and Axel Werner Kühl , had all of them dismissed by Balzer in December 1936. Böhmcker used the Gestapo for further measures . Axel Werner Kühl was expelled from the country, Pastor Schulz was taken into protective custody and the others placed under house arrest. The organist Jan Bender was sent to the Oranienburg concentration camp . Everyone was banned from speaking. When the chairman of the Reich Church Committee, Wilhelm Zoellner , wanted to act as a mediator in Lübeck, Böhmcker made sure that the State Police prohibited him from traveling at the instigation of the Reich Church Ministry, which then led to the resignation of Zoellner and the Reich Church Committee. The measures against the clergy were reversed in a mutual agreement procedure between the Confessing Church, which had since grown stronger in Lübeck, and the German Christians under Balzer in April 1937. Since then there have been two Evangelical Lutheran churches in Lübeck. On October 31, 1937, Hans Böhmcker resigned from the Lübeck church leadership.

When the Greater Hamburg Law was implemented in 1937, Böhmcker was appointed "Transition Commissioner", who was responsible for implementing the details. From 1935 to 1942 he was a member of the supervisory board of the Handelsbank in Lübeck.

LnR: Böhmcker, Jan van Dam, Lieutenant General Hans Siburg (Amsterdam, 1942)

From 1940 to 1942 Böhmcker was employed in the occupation administration under the Reich Commissioner for the Netherlands Arthur Seyß-Inquart. Böhmcker acted as the representative of the German Reich for the city of Amsterdam. His office was in a building in Amsterdam that is now the US Consulate General. Böhmcker was responsible for the implementation of all anti-Jewish measures which, from autumn 1941, led to the so-called “ Final Solution to the Jewish Question ”, that is, the systematic murder of the Jewish population. Böhmcker first initiated the registration of the Jews. Through the “Ordinance on the Registration of Jews” of January 10, 1941, all Dutch Jews were obliged to register. As early as September 1941, 140,000 Jews were registered, and on October 2, 1941, Böhmcker wrote to his superior, Arthur Seyß-Inquart: “ Thanks to Ordinance 6/41 we now have all Dutch Jews in our pockets .” In this context, Böhmcker also ordered on February 12, 1941, the founding of a Judenrat in Amsterdam to implement persecution measures against the German occupiers.

Böhmker's grave in the Burgtorfriedhof

Before the first deportation of Dutch Jews in July 1942, Böhmcker was recalled. After the air raid on Lübeck , he was ordered back to Lübeck in his capacity as deputy mayor Drechsler, who was active in Riga, to serve as mayor there. To improve the mood of those damaged by bombs, there was an extraordinary distribution of food, including 2 million oranges and 2,400 boxes of kippers . National Socialist functionaries enriched each other, at their head Böhmcker, police chief Walther Schröder and functionaries of the National Socialist People's Welfare . While such cases of corruption were otherwise swept under the carpet, high-ranking NSDAP circles in Berlin decided to make an example in this case. The Reich Security Main Office initiated special court proceedings . Böhmcker and Schröder remained unmolested, but a "pawn" was found. The head of the Lübeck NSV, Wilhelm Janowsky, was sentenced to death by the special court , while other NSV functionaries were sentenced to long prison terms . Janowsky was executed on December 15, 1942 on Hitler's orders after rumors surfaced that nothing would happen to the NSV functionaries. Böhmcker also feared proceedings against himself. In October 1942, he committed suicide . Subsequently, the Senate Council Gerhard Schneider was appointed Senator and representative of Drechsler.

Fonts

  • The liability of the state and local authority associations for theft of other people's belongings in offices. 1923 (Göttingen, University, legal and political dissertation, unpublished).
  • Labor law in the port of Lübeck. In: Gift of honor presented to the German Juristentage by the Association for Lübeck History and Archeology. Verlag des Verein für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde, Lübeck 1931, pp. 221–260.
  • The new building of the Lübeck administration. In: Lübeckische Blätter. Vol. 76, 1934, pp. 713-714, 737-739.
  • The Church Political Development in Lübeck 1933–34. In: Lübeckische Blätter. Vol. 76, 1934, pp. 467-471.
  • Politics, rights and economy of the communities taking into account the situation in Lübeck. In: Lübeckische Blätter. Vol. 78, 1936, pp. 403-407, 428-431, 450-453, 472-475.
  • Lübeck in the Reich. In: The car . 1938, pp. 10-13.

literature

  • Hans Bohmcker. In: Lübeckische Blätter . Vol. 76, 1934, p. 713 ff.
  • Karl Friedrich Reimers: Lübeck in the church struggle of the Third Reich. National Socialist leader principle and Evangelical-Lutheran regional church from 1933 to 1945 (= work on the history of the church struggle . Supplementary series vol. 2, ISSN  0344-2764 ). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1965, (also: Hamburg, University, dissertation, 1964).
  • Gerhard Schneider : Endangering and Loss of Statehood of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck and its Consequences (= publications on the history of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck. Series B, Vol. 14). Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1986, ISBN 3-7950-0452-7 , pp. 79-82 (on 1933).
  • Antjekathrin Graßmann (Ed.): Lübeckische Geschichte. 2nd, revised edition. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1989, ISBN 3-7950-3203-2 , p. 864 (note on p. 712).
  • Kai Artinger: Two Schleswig-Holstein National Socialists in Amsterdam. The story of Heinrich Böhmcker and Dr. Hans Bohmcker. A contribution to the history of the German occupation of the Netherlands. In: Information on contemporary history in Schleswig-Holstein. Issue 49, 2007, ZDB -ID 1241649-6 , pp. 4-55.
  • Karl-Ernst Sinner: Tradition and Progress. Senate and Mayor of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck 1918–2007 (= publications on the history of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Series B, Vol. 46). Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2008, ISBN 978-3-7950-0488-0 , p. 38 ff.
  • Jörg Fligge : Lübeck schools in the “Third Reich”. A study on the education system in the Nazi era in the context of developments in the Reich. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2014, ISBN 978-3-7950-5214-0 , p. 843 ff. (Obituary).

Web links

Commons : Hans Böhmcker  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

supporting documents

  1. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1996, 23 , 859.
  2. ↑ Urs J. Diederichs Hrsg .: Schleswig-Holstein under the swastika. On behalf of d. Evang. Akad. North Elbe. Bad Segeberg / Hamburg 1984, p. 80.
  3. ^ Reimers: Lübeck in the church struggle of the Third Reich. 1965, p. 53 ff.
  4. ^ Graßmann (ed.): Lübeckische Geschichte. 1989, p. 725.
  5. ↑ Urs J. Diederichs Hrsg .: Schleswig-Holstein under the swastika. On behalf of d. Evang. Akad. North Elbe. Bad Segeberg / Hamburg 1984, pp. 90-95.
  6. ^ Reimers: Lübeck in the church struggle of the Third Reich. 1965, p. 365. Despite these events and also the later actions of Böhmcker in the Netherlands and the corruption affair, Reimers sums it up: “In spite of all party ties, Böhmcker was a man distinguished by personal integrity and excellent legal knowledge, who with great prudence and independence adhered to Nazi church policy understand without ever deliberately violating elementary basic laws of German legal tradition. ”Reimers completely ignored the later acts of Böhmcker: later“ he became mayor and was called into the field; he passed his life in October 1942 ”(ibid., note 19).
  7. ↑ Gerhard Schneider: Lübeck's banking policy through the ages (1898–1978) (= publications on the history of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Vol. 25). Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1979, ISBN 3-7950-0435-7 , p. 211.
  8. ^ Reg. Regarding the registration of Jews from January 10, 1941. In: Ordinance sheet for the occupied Dutch territories. 1941, ZDB -ID 704792-7 , p. 19.
  9. ↑ Hollerith in Hell . In: Der Spiegel . No. 7 , 2001, p. 45 ( Online - Feb. 12, 2001 ).
  10. ↑ Uwe Danker , Astrid Schwabe: Schleswig-Holstein and National Socialism. Neumünster 2005, p. 141 f.
  11. ^ Frank Bajohr : Parvenus and Profiteurs. Corruption in the Nazi Era. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2001, p. 168 ff.
personal data
SURNAME Bohmcker, Hans
BRIEF DESCRIPTION National Socialist Senator of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
DATE OF BIRTH November 6, 1899
PLACE OF BIRTH Schwartau
DATE OF DEATH October 18, 1942