Friedrich Hildebrandt (politician)

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Reichsstatthalter and Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt (1934)

Friedrich Karl Heinrich August Hildebrandt (born September 19, 1898 in Kiekindemark ; † November 5, 1948 in Landsberg am Lech ) was Reich Governor , Gauleiter of the NSDAP , SS Obergruppenführer and war criminal sentenced to death .

Life and work

Friedrich Hildebrandt was born as the younger son of the farm laborer and stone cutter Friedrich Johann Theodor Hildebrandt (1871–?) And his wife Bertha Anna Emma born. Harbrecht (1874–1932) born. When he was four years old, his parents divorced on August 1, 1903 in Schwerin. Both parents later remarried.

From 1905 to 1912 Hildebrandt attended elementary school in benzin near Lübz , Groß Lüben and Legde , then worked as a day laborer in agriculture from 1912 to 1914 and then found a job as a railroad worker in Wilsnack . Because of the outbreak of war, he could no longer begin training as a company candidate. During the First World War, he enlisted on 25 November 1916 as a volunteer . Hildebrandt was initially assigned to the recruit replacement depot of the reserve battalion of the Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 24 in Neuruppin . At the beginning of 1917 the war operation followed on the western front . In his first year of service he was seriously injured by a shot in the stomach and poison gas . On August 6, 1918, the Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 24 was disbanded and distributed. Hildebrandt came to the infantry regiment "Grand Duke Friedrich Franz II. Of Mecklenburg-Schwerin" (4th Brandenburg) No. 24 . After a stay in Wittenberg , he returned to Legde in November 1918 and joined the newly founded German National People's Party (DNVP) there in December . On January 13, 1919, he joined the Freikorps founded by his former superior, Captain Cordt von Brandis . This Freikorps was deployed in Silesia and the Baltic States , and Hildebrandt was captured in Riga on July 6, 1919 . After interrogation by Latvian and British officers, he was able to return to his company. Previously promoted to Vice Sergeant , he was released from the troops on January 15, 1920. Immediately afterwards, he joined the fourth security police force in Halle-Merseburg. The mission hundred was put together in Ohrdruf and was mainly used in connection with the Kapp Putsch . Sergeant Hildebrandt was later accused of violent actions against members of the proletarian workers' armed forces from March 16 to 20, 1920 in Osterfeld and Weißenfels , which resulted in numerous deaths on both sides , but acquitted in a trial. In June 1920 he was dismissed from service because of "verbal derailments". He then worked as a farm worker and was chairman of the Westprignitz district group of the Brandenburg Agricultural Workers' Association from 1921 to 1922. In September 1922 he took part as a delegate at the Görlitz party congress of the DNVP, where he sympathized with the right wing of the party led by Albrecht von Graefe . A short time later, Hildebrandt was excluded from the DNVP due to internal party disputes. He then joined the Roßbach organization .

On October 19, 1923, Hildebrandt married Elise Else Christine Krüger (1900–1986) from Groß Breesen / Güstrow in Pinnow . The marriage had six children by 1946. Daughter Ingeburg (1926–?) Fell seriously ill at the age of three and suffered from the consequences all her life. The son Teutobert, born in 1925, died on March 14, 1945 near Danzig .

Political activity 1924–1945

Reichsstatthalter Hildebrandt in the citizenship hall of the Lübeck town hall (1933).
Konstantin Hierl and Friedrich Hildebrandt (1939).

In 1924 Hildebrandt became a member of the German National Freedom Party (DVFP). From 1924 to March 1925 he was a member of the state parliament of Mecklenburg-Schwerin for the DVFP . After a personal meeting with Adolf Hitler on February 16, 1925 in Munich, he joined the NSDAP ; the official admission took place on May 8, 1925 ( membership number 3,653). Hildebrandt kept his mandate in the state parliament and thus became the first NSDAP member of the Mecklenburg-Schwerin state parliament . On March 27, 1925 Gregor Strasser appointed him Gauleiter for the newly created Gau Mecklenburg-Lübeck. In June of the same year he founded the party organ Low German Observer.

In 1925 he also wrote the manuscript Solution to the Jewish Question . His writing dealt mainly with the Mecklenburg landed gentry , whom he viewed as "heavily Jewish". The Munich party headquarters was not very enthusiastic, as the assessment shows: "A lot of fantasies, which are also very dangerous when they get into the hands of opponents."

With the election defeat of the NSDAP on June 6, 1926, he lost his state parliament mandate. From then on, Hildebrandt did not receive regular cash payments, which meant that he and his family were temporarily in dire straits. He was only able to continue his party work with the financial support of a few donors, including Rittmeister Adolf von der Lühe (1860–1934). In the same year he moved with his family to Parchim , where the Gau headquarters (Bauhofstrasse No. 2) had also been relocated. From November 1927 to January 1930 he worked as a city ​​councilor at his new residence .

On June 23, 1929 he was re-elected for the NSDAP in the Schwerin state parliament.

After Otto Strasser's separation from the NSDAP, the newspaper Nationaler Sozialist , published by Strasser, reported that Hildebrandt had joined Strasser's new group. As a result, Friedrich Hildebrandt was given leave of absence as a Gauleiter on May 1, 1930 and demoted to the position of Deputy Executive Gauleiter. On July 11, 1930, a declaration appeared in the Low German Observer in which he expressed solidarity with the “revolutionary National Socialists”. After a defamation campaign in the Völkischer Beobachter , which was directed against the "lack of discipline" and the "rabble of writers", Hildebrandt distanced himself from Otto Strasser and his ideas. He also announced to the press that he did not intend to defer to Strasser.

In the Reichstag election in 1930 on September 14, 1930, Hildebrandt was elected Reichstag representative for Reichstag constituency 35, which included the Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin , the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck .

At the beginning of March 1931 he was reinstated as a Gauleiter. Hildebrandt then traveled to Munich to meet with Hitler on March 4th.

During this time Hildebrandt was in lively personal and letter contact with the abdicated Grand Duke Friedrich Franz IV , whose son Friedrich Franz had joined the NSDAP and the SS in May 1931. The good agreement even went so far that the Hereditary Grand Duke actively supported Hildebrandt's election campaign. Friedrich Franz had little fear of contact, so he happily commented to Hildebrandt on the murder of two communists in Doberan : "Fortunately, two of them fell over from the other side."

In 1931/32 there were numerous clashes between political opponents. Hildebrandt knew how to cleverly exploit the situation for his propaganda. Injured and dead, such as the allegedly murdered SA man Karl Friedrich Wittenburg, he stylized as "blood victims of the movement". The dispute between Bergedorfer Reichsbanner members and SA on July 10, 1932 in Hagenow was a bloody climax. On this day SA members stormed the Hagenow trade union building in the presence of Hildebrandt, where the Reichbanner members held their meeting. The inventory was smashed and a wild shooting developed in front of the house. While the armed Reichsbanner member Alfred Hinze was arrested by the order police, the NSDAP Gauleiter Hildebrandt, armed with a pistol, remained unmolested.

In the state elections on June 5, 1932, he won another state parliament mandate. After the election, the NSDAP had an absolute majority of the seats in the state parliament. The Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was now ruled by a National Socialist state government.

Hildebrandt was not only looking for discussions with other political parties and organizations. He was also a self-declared opponent of the Catholic Church. In Parchim he said before he came to power: "Once I'm at the helm, I'll make sure that there is no Catholic in Mecklenburg within two years."

After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists, Hildebrandt retained his mandate in the Reichstag until the end of the Second World War . On March 24, 1933 he was appointed Reich Commissioner for both Mecklenburgs. His appointment as Reich Governor for Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Lübeck followed on May 26, 1933. However, the appointment had been delayed because of concerns on the part of Reich President Hindenburg . Leading representatives of the Mecklenburg knighthood had objected personally. Hildebrandt's involvement in the murder of Andreas von Flotow , who was allegedly shot while trying to escape, had not yet been forgotten by the knights. The relationship between the Mecklenburg nobility and imperial governor remained permanently disrupted.

In 1933 Hildebrandt was appointed speaker of the NSDAP Reich . He was considered a skilled speaker who usually got by without a manuscript.

After the position of power was consolidated, Hildebrandt pushed through the unification of the two Mecklenburg Free States. On October 13, 1933, the two state parliaments in the Rostock State House decided to unify Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz on January 1, 1934. The considerable internal party resistance to the unification remained ineffective.

On December 5, 1933, Hildebrandt joined the SS with the rank of SS-Oberführer (No. 128,802) and was assigned to the 22nd SS-Standarte ( honorary leader ) in Schwerin. In the SS he was promoted to Gruppenführer on January 27, 1934 and to Obergruppenführer on January 30, 1942 .

In the early summer of 1934, Hildebrandt escaped an attempt to fall, which Prime Minister Hugo Engell and Colonel of the State Police Hans Heidemann and other party comrades prepared. They wanted to reproach Hildebrandt with the fact that he suffered from the onset of hereditary mental illness and that he could no longer exercise his office. Hildebrandt's mother Bertha's stay in the institution and his daughter's mental developmental disorder were used as reasons. He survived this intrigue only through the intervention of regional bishop Walther Schulz , who intervened personally with Rudolf Hess , and the representative of the Nazi party leadership Seidel. For Prime Minister Engell, the intrigue ended with Hildebrandt's forced resignation. Hans Heidemann had to face disciplinary proceedings at the end of September 1934.

In September 1935 Hildebrandt became a member of the Academy for German Law directed by Hans Frank . In addition, in February 1936 he became a member of the ring of honor of the Reichsbund der Kinderreich , which in turn supported the inhuman Nazi hereditary health policy.

Hildebrandt was also deeply hostile to Friedrich Scharf , Hugo Engell's successor. In 1937 he applied to recall the Minister of State. However, Scharf enjoyed the protection of the Reich leadership of the NSDAP and the SS leadership. After the application was rejected, Hildebrandt was clearly rebuked by the party leadership, and from then on he was regarded as a " bad guy ... who would have ..." with every argument.

On April 1, 1937, Hildebrandt had to cede the NSDAP districts Lübeck city and country to Gauleiter Hinrich Lohse ( Gau Schleswig-Holstein ), because Lübeck lost its independence under the provisions of the Greater Hamburg Act . From then on he was only Gauleiter and Reich Governor of Mecklenburg.

During his tenure, Hildebrandt enriched himself and took advantage of his social environment. So he obtained party comrades cheap house building loans and made building plots in prime locations available. The management and recovery gained Hildebrandt 1938, the 383 hectare large estate Gößlow in Lübtheen , for a very reasonable price of 50,000 RM . To the displeasure of some of our fellow citizens , as emerges from an anonymous letter: “Inflated servant ... Our dear leader made a bad choice when he asked them to lead us. Go on your goods, which you have stolen from the national wealth. ”The busy Gauleiter was also at times the publisher and owner of the journalistic NSDAP party organs Low German Observer , Lübeck Observer and Strelitz Observer .

At the end of August 1939 he also took over the post of Gaujägermeister, replacing Martin Kliefoth (1897–1939), who had to go to war .

Hildebrandt also used his abundance of power to implement euthanasia measures . In April 1941 he arranged for the expropriation and eviction of the Lobetal deaconess house (Lübenheen). The mentally handicapped children housed there were then taken to the Lewenberg children's ward in Schwerin. There they were later killed under the responsibility of the department doctor Alfred Leu . Hildebrandt expressed himself cynically at a conference on April 15, 1941 in Schwerin: “I had Lobetal cleaned up. I had the idiots brought to where they belong. "

Hildebrandt's unscrupulousness showed itself again in the winter of 1941/42, when several thousand Russian prisoners of war starved to death in Mecklenburg. In a letter to the NSDAP party chancellery, he expressed his concern about the lack of workers. The problem can be avoided, however, if “ enough Russians are delivered ” . During the meeting of the Reich Defense Committee on March 17, 1942, Hildebrandt's unrestrainedness came to light again 152,148 foreign workers ( forced laborers and prisoners of war), whose labor was ruthlessly exploited.

The office of Gauleiter was connected with other offices during World War II. So in September 1939 he was appointed representative of the Reich Defense Commissioner in Military District II (Gau Mecklenburg) and Defense Commissioner of the Military District. From November 15, 1940 he also acted as district housing commissioner. On April 6, 1942, Fritz Sauckel appointed him representative of the General Plenipotentiary for Labor Deployment (GBA) and after the reorganization of the Reich Defense Districts, he became Reich Defense Commissioner for Mecklenburg on November 16, 1942.

Towards the end of the war, he led the German Volkssturm in his Gau from September 25, 1944 . On February 24, 1945, he met Hitler for the last time in the bunker of the Reich Chancellery . Hitler had ordered the Gauleiter to come to him to announce the usual slogans to hold out and the later use of miracle weapons. Hildebrandt was probably one of the few Gauleiter who was impressed. In the following two weeks he conjured perseverance in front of battalion and company commanders of the Mecklenburg Volksturm in Rostock, Hagenow and Ludwigslust. He expected “unconditional will to resist” and “fanatical hatred” from the Volkssturm. On April 5, 1945, he had it spread in the Rostocker Anzeiger : "Wherever there is even the slightest hint of a loosening of morale, action will be taken with ruthless severity." A court martial formed by Hildebrandt was supposed to prosecute all criminal offenses which endangered “fighting strength and determination to fight”. It became clear once again that he wanted to enforce the inhumane policies of the NSDAP right up to the end. In the last weeks of the war, the Gauleiter stayed mostly in his underground command post (Schwerin Gau School ). His last documented appearance, in his function as Gauleiter, he had on April 25th at the meeting of the North German Gauleiter in Plön, convened by Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz . Hildebrandt fled on May 1, 1945 from the advancing American troops from Schwerin.

War crimes trial

On May 12, 1945 Friedrich Hildebrandt was arrested by British military police in Cismar ( automatic arrest ), in the Civilian Internment Camp (CIC) No. 1 Neumünster-Gadeland was interned and charged in the aviation trials after his transfer to the US Army on April 1, 1946 . Hildebrandt was sentenced to death by hanging by an American military tribunal in Dachau on March 31, 1947 because of her involvement in the killing of allied airmen who had been shot down, a violation of the Hague Land Warfare Regulations . On the basis of Hildebrandt's orders and instructions that he gave to the NSDAP party members who were also accused, members of the United States Army Air Forces who had been captured near Pingelshagen , Klink , Veelböken and Möllin were killed from June to December 1944 . Hildebrandt and his wife made two requests for clemency , both of which were rejected. The verdict was last upheld on March 22, 1948 by General Lucius D. Clay . The execution was carried out on November 5, 1948 at 10:46 a.m. in the Landsberg War Crimes Prison .

The criminal proceedings against Friedrich Hildebrandt for war crimes are currently the subject of a contemporary history research project by the Institute for Contemporary History Berlin-Munich .

Hildebrandt's involvement in the euthanasia murders in the Lewenberg-Sachsenberg sanatorium led to another criminal case. From 1946 to 1948, the Schwerin public prosecutor's office appointed by the Soviet military administration tried to obtain the extradition of the former Gauleiter. Hildebrandt was supposed to answer for crimes against humanity . However, the British and Americans refused to extradite the accused.

estate

On the morning of May 1, 1945 Hildebrandt, his son Dietrich (1930–2000) and other confidants went to the Schwerin Gau School to secure and transport his private archive there. He then had the documents packed in ammunition boxes buried in a forest near Hagenow and in a gravel pit near Gut Gößlow. After the end of the GDR , the children of the then Gauleiter remembered the burial operation in May 1945. In 1992 and 1994, sensational search and excavation operations took place, during which the boxes were finally found. Some objects of value that the Gauleiter had also hidden were sold or remained in the family's possession. The archive material found received little attention at first and was mostly stored improperly. It was not until 1998/99 that the Schwerin State Main Archive was able to acquire and secure the archive holdings found through private providers. The written estate has since been kept in the Schwerin State Main Archives. The written documents are of considerable importance for Gau and Reich related research on National Socialism.

Friedrich Hildebrandt's diary and his golden NSDAP party badge have been in the possession of the Mecklenburg Foundation since 1991 .

Honorary citizenships

Numerous cities in Mecklenburg awarded Friedrich Hildebrandt honorary citizenship . The cities included Güstrow , Rehna , Ribnitz , Rostock , Stavenhagen and Neustrelitz . Most of the honorary citizenships were revoked after the war. A revocation was not absolutely necessary, however, since the honorary citizenship ended with the death of the owner formally legally. After the political change in the GDR, further withdrawals followed, for example on July 4, 1990 in Rostock. On March 16, 2006, the city council of Güstrow followed the proposal to withdraw Hildebrandt's honorary citizenship, which had been granted in May 1933. In October 2013, Stavenhagen decided to withdraw the honorary citizenship granted on May 27, 1933.

Awards

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Complementary

Family coat of arms

In 1935 Hildebrandt had a coat of arms designed for his family , the design of which corresponded to the zeitgeist . In red the triangular shield , on it a golden anvil with silver irons, above the gold-handled blacksmith's hammer , flanked by two silver plowshares . Stech helmet with a red-silver helmet cover and an open red flight as a crest ornament , on the right covered with a plowshare, on the left covered with a blacksmith's hammer.

literature

  • Joachim Lilla , Martin Döring, Andreas Schulz: extras in uniform. The members of the Reichstag 1933–1945. A biographical manual. Including the ethnic and National Socialist members of the Reichstag from May 1924. Droste, Düsseldorf 2004, ISBN 3-7700-5254-4 , p. 241 (serial no. 424).
  • Michael Buddrus [Hrsg.]: Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. An edition of the meeting minutes. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2009, ISBN 978-3-8378-4000-1 .
  • Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: State governments and ministers in Mecklenburg 1871–1952. A biographical lexicon. Edition Temmen , Bremen 2012, ISBN 978-3-8378-4044-5 , p. 161 ff.
  • Beate Behrens: To power with Hitler. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. Neuer Hochschulschriftenverlag, Rostock 1998, ISBN 978-3-929544-52-7 , p. 174 f.
  • Jörg Fligge : Lübeck schools in the “Third Reich”. A study on the education system in the Nazi era in the context of developments in the Reich. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2014, ISBN 978-3-7950-5214-0 , pp. 978 ff. (Biographical information) .
  • Rebecca Hoßbach: Friedrich Hildebrandt. In: Ilona Buchsteiner (Hrsg.): Mecklenburgers in German history of the 19th and 20th centuries. Ingo Koch Verlag, Rostock 2001, ISBN 978-3-935319-22-5 , pp. 273-284.
  • Bernd Kasten : Friedrich Hildebrandt (1898–1948). A farm worker as Gauleiter and Reich Governor of Mecklenburg and Lübeck. In: Journal of the Association for Lübeck History and Archeology. Vol. 86 (2006), pp. 211-227.
  • Bernd Kasten: Conflicts between the Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt and the State Ministry in Mecklenburg 1933–1939. In: Mecklenburgische Jahrbücher. Volume 112 (1997), pp. 157-175.
  • Bernd Kasten: Hildebrandt, Friedrich. In: Sabine Pettke (Ed.): Biographical Lexicon for Mecklenburg. Volume 2. Rostock 1999. ISBN 978-3-7950-3702-4 . Pp. 132-135.
  • Christian Madaus: Friedrich Hildebrandt - Hitler's follower and recipient of orders in Mecklenburg. Stock & Stein, Schwerin 2000. ISBN 978-3-932370-79-3 .
  • Andreas Röpcke : The estate of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt in the state archive in Schwerin. In: Geschichtswerkstatt Rostock e. V. (Ed.): Contemporary history regional. No. 3 (1999), p. 88 f.
  • Klaus Schwabe : Lost Hildebrandt estate now in the Schwerin State Main Archive. In: Bull and Griffin. Volume 9 (1999), pp. 119-121.
  • Ralf Salomon: Friedrich Hildebrandt. NSDAP Gauleiter and Reich Governor in Mecklenburg. Social revolutionary and war criminal. Dissertation University of Rostock. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2017, ISBN 978-3-8378-4052-0 .

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Hildebrandt  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Otto von Gossel, Jobst Heinrich von Bülow (arr.): Mecklenburg gender book. Volume 3. Bernhard Koerner (Ed.), Verlag von GA Starke, Görlitz 1935, p. 102 f.
  2. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. Neuer Hochschulschriftenverlag, Rostock 1998, p. 37.
  3. ↑ 1st Battalion for Infantry Regiment No. 24; 2nd Battalion to Infantry Regiment No. 64; III. Battalion to Infantry Regiment No. 396; see. Comradeship Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 24 (Ed.): History of the Reserve Infantry Regiment No. 24. 1914–1918. Wilhelm Beese publishing house, Berlin 1925.
  4. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. P. 38.
  5. ^ Ralf Salomon: Friedrich Hildebrandt. NSDAP Gauleiter and Reich Governor in Mecklenburg. Social revolutionary and war criminal. Dissertation University of Rostock. Edition Temmen , Bremen 2017, p. 44 (footnote 334).
  6. ^ Ralf Salomon: Friedrich Hildebrandt. NSDAP Gauleiter and Reich Governor in Mecklenburg. Social revolutionary and war criminal. P. 44.
  7. ^ Ralf Salomon: Friedrich Hildebrandt NSDAP Gauleiter and Reich Governor in Mecklenburg. Social revolutionary and war criminal. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2017, p. 50 f.
  8. ^ Ralf Salomon: Friedrich Hildebrandt NSDAP Gauleiter and Reich Governor in Mecklenburg. Social revolutionary and war criminal. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2017, p. 53.
  9. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. P. 40.
  10. ↑ Elise Hildebrandt joined the NSDAP on December 16, 1925 (membership number 25.806).
  11. ↑ The eldest daughter had a mental handicap. Hildebrandt contacted the later head of the children's department in Sachsenberg-Lewenberg Alfred Leu , who also ran a private practice in Schwerin, in order to have his daughter treated by him; see. Andreas Brooks: The events on the Sachsenberg as part of the National Socialist euthanasia program . In: LpB Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (Ed.): Schwerin Talks. Schwerin 2007, p. 13; see. Helga Schubert: A German mental hospital and the madness of the unworthy life. EDITION digital, Godern 2013, section No. 8.
  12. ^ Christian Madaus: Friedrich Hildebrandt - Hitler's follower and recipient of orders in Mecklenburg. Stock & Stein, Schwerin 2000, p. 102, p. 79.
  13. ↑ Kathleen Haack, Bernd Kasten, Jörg Pink: The sanctuary and nursing home Sachsenberg-Lewenberg. Places of remembrance in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Volume 2. (Ed.) State Center for Political Education Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Schwerin 2016, ISBN 978-3-9816439-4-7 , p. 46.
  14. ↑ Teutobert Adolf Friedrich Florian Hildebrandt, Oberfähnrich zur See, because of disputes with his superior (insisting on his special position, etc.) he was arrested and parole , which his father could not prevent. see. Christian Madaus: Friedrich Hildebrandt - Hitler's follower and recipient of orders in Mecklenburg. Stock & Stein, Schwerin 2000, p. 55.
  15. ↑ In February 1945 transfer to Naval Artillery Department 531 in Gotenhafen. see. Ralf Salomon: Friedrich Hildebrandt. NSDAP Gauleiter and Reich Governor in Mecklenburg. Social revolutionary and war criminal. P. 325.
  16. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. P. 44.
  17. ↑ The Low German Observer was published until April 1945.
  18. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933 . P. 66 f.
  19. ↑ a b Ralf Salomon: Friedrich Hildebrandt NSDAP Gauleiter and Reich Governor in Mecklenburg. Social revolutionary and war criminal. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2017, p. 113 f.
  20. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. P. 95.
  21. ↑ Patrick Moreau : National Socialism from the Left. The "Combat Community of Revolutionary National Socialists" and the "Black Front" of Otto Strasser 1930–1935. Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1985, ISBN 3-421-06192-0 , p. 47.
  22. ^ Reichstag (Hrsg.): Reichstag Handbuch 5th electoral period 1930. Printed and published by the Reichsdruckerei, Berlin 1930, p. 258 ( digitized version ).
  23. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. P. 104.
  24. ↑ LHAS inventory: (10.09.H / 08) No. 4, personal estate Hildebrandt, Friedrich (1898–1948), contains u. a. Letters of thanks from Mecklenburg party comrades for the reinstatement of Hildebrandt, confirmation of the date for a conversation between Hitler and Hildebrandt on March 4, 1931 in Munich.
  25. ^ The two communists were shot on October 31 by SA Sturmführer Gaedecke.
  26. ↑ Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2011, p. 286.
  27. ↑ LHAS inventory: (10.09.H / 08) No. 5, personal estate Hildebrandt, Friedrich (1898–1948), contains u. a. Hereditary Grand Duke Friedrich Franz to Hildebrandt, November 2, 1931.
  28. ↑ The nursery assistant suffered serious injuries in a traffic accident in September 1931 at Zarrentin and died a short time later. Hildebrandt turned it into a political murder.
  29. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. P. 125.
  30. ↑ a b Georg Diederich : Resistance of the Catholic Church in Mecklenburg 1933-1945. In: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (Hrsg.): Resistance against the Nazi regime in the Mecklenburg and Western Pomerania regions. Altstadtdruck Rostock, Schwerin 2007, ISBN 3-89892-399-1 , p. 41.
  31. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. An edition of the meeting minutes. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2009, p. 65 (note no. 53).
  32. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. P. 159 f.
  33. ^ Herrmann Langer: Life under the swastika: Everyday life in Mecklenburg 1932-1945. Edition Temmen, Rostock 1996, ISBN 3-86108-291-8 , p. 38 ff.
  34. ↑ Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. P. 431 f.
  35. ↑ List of seniority of the NSDAP Schutzstaffel. Status October 1, 1934. Reichsdruckerei, Berlin 1934, p. 2 (serial number 23).
  36. ↑ List of seniority of the NSDAP Schutzstaffel. As of December 1, 1937. Reichsdruckerei, Berlin 1937, p. 10 (serial no. 24).
  37. ↑ Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. P. 467 f.
  38. ^ Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: State governments and ministers in Mecklenburg 1871–1952. A biographical lexicon. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2012, p. 125 (note no.169).
  39. ↑ Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. P. 467 (note no. 326).
  40. ↑ Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. P. 452.
  41. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. P. 164.
  42. ↑ Sebastian Lehmann: "... Schleswig-Holstein ancestral relatives, farewell Friedrich Hildebrandt ..." The NSDAP in Lübeck. In: Democratic History. No. 18 (2007), Malente 2007 ( digitized version ).
  43. ↑ Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. P. 464 f.
  44. ↑ Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. P. 465.
  45. ^ National Socialist Yearbook 1933. Eher-Verlag, Munich 1933, pp. 149 f., P. 153.
  46. ↑ Beate Behrens: With Hitler to power. Rise of National Socialism in Mecklenburg and Lübeck 1922–1933. P. 49 ff.
  47. ↑ Major Martin Kliefoth; 2./Pz. Dev. 12, 12th Infantry Division ; fallen on September 18, 1939.
  48. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. P. 141 (note no. 183).
  49. ↑ Kathleen Haack, Frank Häßler, Ekkehardt Kumbier: "Child euthanasia" in Mecklenburg - On the fate of the "Sonnenland children" from Lobetal (Lübenheen). In: NS "Euthanasia": Crimes against the mentally ill in Mecklenburg and Pomerania. Trauma & violence. Issue 4, November 2014, Klett-Cotta, pp. 286–293.
  50. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. P. 141.
  51. ^ A b Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. P. 470.
  52. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. P. 41 (note no. 85).
  53. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. P. 11.
  54. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. P. 987 (note no. 6).
  55. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. P. 11 (note no. 8).
  56. ↑ Bernd Kasten: Herren und Knechte: Social and political change in Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1867-1945. P. 471.
  57. ↑ The President of the Higher Regional Court, Hans Hermann Zastrow (1897–?), Was appointed chairman, and the Attorney General Wilhelm Beusch (1894–1979) was appointed chief prosecutor . see. Michael Buddrus (Ed.): '' Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the Nazi leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. '' P. 988 (note no. 7).
  58. ^ Herrmann Langer: Life under the swastika: Everyday life in Mecklenburg 1932-1945. Edition Temmen, Rostock 1996, 226 f.
  59. ^ Initially interned in Camp 78 Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen until April 26, 1946 ; until May 7 in the military prison in Ludwigsburg ; interned at Camp 76 in Hohenasperg from May 31 ; from June 1, 1946 interned in Bunker I. in the Dachau camp ; on April 12, 1947, transferred to War Crimes Prison No. 1 in Landsberg.
  60. ↑ co-defendants Wilhelm Bollow (district leader), Karl Grönwaldt (Kreisamstleiter), Kurt Müller (local leader), Ewald Haselow (local leader), Fritz Schröder (block leader) and Franz Penzien (district office managers).
  61. ↑ United States v. Friedrich Hildebrandt approx. 12-1368 / 69. (PDF; 31.2 MB) Review and Recommendations. In: Research and Documentation Center for War Crimes Trials (ICWC). January 9, 1948, accessed February 4, 2017 .
  62. ↑ Summary of the judgment ( memento of the original from July 19, 2014 on WebCite ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in justice and Nazi crimes. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www1.jur.uva.nl
  63. ↑ Elise Hildebrandt was represented by the Lübeck lawyer Gerhard Gaul , who formulated the request for clemency on April 5, 1948 and sent it to the American headquarters; see. Christian Madaus: Friedrich Hildebrandt - Hitler's follower and recipient of orders in Mecklenburg. P. 78 f (copy of petition for grace).
  64. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. P. 19.
  65. ↑ Project overview: Allied victorious justice or appropriate punishment of Nazi crimes? , accessed February 8, 2016.
  66. ^ Michael Buddrus, Sigrid Fritzlar: State governments and ministers in Mecklenburg 1871–1952. A biographical lexicon. Edition Temmen , Bremen 2012, p. 163 (note no.337).
  67. ↑ Control Council Act No. 10 Article IV. Of December 20, 1945. Accessed March 31, 2017.
  68. ^ Ralf Salomon: Friedrich Hildebrandt NSDAP Gauleiter and Reich Governor in Mecklenburg. Social revolutionary and war criminal. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2017, p. 341.
  69. ↑ Control Council Act No. 10 of December 20, 1945. Accessed March 27, 2017.
  70. ↑ a b c Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. P. 18 f.
  71. ↑ Michael Buddrus (ed.): Mecklenburg in the Second World War. The meetings of Gauleiter Friedrich Hildebrandt with the NS leadership bodies of Gau Mecklenburg 1939–1945. P. 21.
  72. ↑ Foundation may keep badges . In: THE WORLD . December 11, 2001. Retrieved February 20, 2017.
  73. ↑ Torben Hinz: Gauck's dubious predecessor. In: North German Latest News. March 5, 2012, accessed February 8, 2017.
  74. ↑ LHAS inventory: (5.12-3 / 1) No. 6195, Mecklenburg-Schwerin Ministry of the Interior, certificate: Honorary citizen of the city of Stavenhagen: Friedrich Hildebrandt.
  75. ↑ Hitler no longer an honorary citizen of Stavenhagen. In: welt.de. October 17, 2013, accessed February 8, 2017.
  76. ^ Christian Madaus: Friedrich Hildebrandt - Hitler's follower and recipient of orders in Mecklenburg. Stock & Stein, Schwerin 2000, p. 55.
personal data
SURNAME Hildebrandt, Friedrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hildebrandt, Friedrich Karl Heinrich August (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (NSDAP), MdR, SS-Obergruppenführer, Gauleiter and war criminal
DATE OF BIRTH September 19, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Kiekindemark
DATE OF DEATH November 5, 1948
Place of death Landsberg am Lech