Hinrich Lohse

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Hinrich Lohse
From left to right: Otto-Heinrich Drechsler , Hinrich Lohse, Alfred Rosenberg and Walter-Eberhard von Medem during an event in the ruins of Doblen Castle (1942)

Hinrich Lohse (born September 2, 1896 in Mühlenbarbek ; † February 25, 1964 there ) was a German businessman , bank employee and National Socialist politician. From 1925 to 1945 he was Gauleiter in Schleswig-Holstein. In 1933 he was appointed Upper President of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein in Prussia, a position he held until 1945. He thus held the highest office in the province during the Third Reich. Between July 1941 and December 1944 he was also the highest head of civil administration in the Reich Commissariat Ostland . In this position he was one of the main people responsible for the genocide committed by the National Socialists in World War II , particularly with regard to the genocide of the Jewish population . His office, based in Riga, was directly subordinate to the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories , which was under the leadership of Nazi chief ideologist Alfred Rosenberg . After the war he was not called to account by German authorities for his crimes.

Origin and youth

The trained businessman came from a small farming family. From 1903 to 1912 he attended elementary school in his hometown of Mühlenbarbek in Schleswig-Holstein, then the higher commercial school. In 1913, Hinrich Lohse worked as an employee in the Blohm & Voss shipyard in Hamburg . During the First World War , he served on 23 September 1915 until his release on 30 October 1916 which was due to a war injury in the army .

Weimar Republic

Regional career start

Hinrich Lohse was initially an employee of the Schleswig-Holstein Farmers' Association from 1919, then from 1920 General Secretary of the Schleswig-Holstein Farmers' and Agricultural Workers' Democracy , which was renamed the Schleswig-Holstein State Party a short time later. From 1921 he worked as a bank clerk in Altona .

Career in the NSDAP

In 1923 he joined the NSDAP , whose Altona local group he built up with Emil Brix and Paul Moder , among others . In 1924, during the NSDAP ban, he was elected to the city council of Altona / Elbe on the list connection Völkisch-Sozialer Block . He worked as a city councilor for Altona between 1924 and 1928.

In July 1924 Lohse met the Nazi chief ideologist Alfred Rosenberg . A long-term, close political relationship was established that lasted until the end of the war and the collapse of the National Socialist regime in 1945.

After the re-admission of the NSDAP and the establishment of the Schleswig-Holstein Gau (on March 1, 1925 in Neumünster ), Lohse became its Gauleiter on March 27, 1925 ; a position he held until the end of the Third Reich. In the 1920s, he led various nationally oriented peasant associations from Northern Germany over to the NSDAP.

In February 1926 - as a direct consequence of the acceptance of the new NSDAP party program in northern Germany - the Bamberg leadership conference took place, in which Hinrich Lohse also took part. For financial reasons, only a few delegates came from the north. Participants in this conference included Joseph Goebbels , Gregor Strasser , Theodor Vahlen , Bernhard Rust , Joseph Klant , Karl Ernst and Hans Severus Ziegler . There the left wing of the party under Gregor Strasser and Joseph Goebbels had to withdraw its program demands. Adolf Hitler emerged stronger from this dispute, united the party wings and became the sole leader of the NSDAP. With the party statutes of May 22, 1926, passed a little later, the victory over the Strasser Group was complete.

In 1928 Lohse Gau became head of the National Socialist Society for German Culture (NGDK), a nationalist-political organization founded by Alfred Rosenberg , which was renamed the Kampfbund für deutsche Kultur (KfdK) a short time later .

Between 1928 and 1929 Lohse temporarily administered the NSDAP district in Hamburg . From 1928 to 1933 he was a member of the Prussian state parliament and from 1932 to 1933 deputy chairman of the NSDAP parliamentary group. In the Reichstag elections in July 1932 he was elected to the Reichstag as a candidate of the NSDAP for the constituency of Schleswig-Holstein, but left on September 2, 1932.

National Socialism

Political activities in the NSDAP and Schleswig-Holstein

Lohse was the absolute ruler in Schleswig-Holstein. Shortly after the National Socialists “came to power ”, on March 25, 1933, he was appointed President of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein . In 1934 Lohse became SA-Gruppenführer, in 1943 SA-Obergruppenführer. In 1939, like all Gauleiter at that time, he was appointed Reich Defense Commissioner. In 1937 the Altona city council, shortly before the enactment of the law on the incorporation of Altona into Hamburg , renamed him an honorary citizen of the city and renamed the Königstrasse to Hinrich-Lohse-Strasse. Both measures were reversed after the liberation in 1945. From 1933 to 1945 Lohse was appointed a member of the German Reichstag by Hitler .

When Hinrich Lohse was appointed Reich Commissioner for the East in 1941 , he retained his position as Upper President of the Province of Schleswig-Holstein and Gauleiter. Between 1941 and autumn 1944 he alternately commuted between Riga and Kiel in order to be able to exercise both offices. During his stay in Riga, Lohse was represented in Kiel by the Gau managing director (1941 to 1945) Werner Stiehr .

Chief of the Nordic Society

Arrival of Hinrich Lohse (front left) and officers at the Riga train station , 1944.

On June 2, 1934, the Nordic Society , which had existed since 1921 , for which a race defined as "Nordic" was the epitome of " Germanic - German " cultural superiority, was subordinated to Alfred Rosenberg's Foreign Policy Office (APA). On the same day, Hinrich Lohse took over the chairmanship of this company. He retained this senior position until 1945.

In addition to Hinrich Lohse, Heinrich Himmler and Walther Darré also belonged to the “great council” of this society . In addition to press and business services, the Nordic Society published the monthly magazine Der Norden and the magazine Die Rasse, edited by Hans FK Günther .

In October 1935, Rosenberg wrote an activity report for his APA, from which it becomes clear that he and Hinrich Lohse with the Nordic Society primarily pursued political goals with an internationalist orientation. The report can be found among other things:

“In terms of trade policy , in my opinion, far more sins of omission have been committed and so the APA has deliberately limited itself to its cultural-political tasks. For this purpose, the Nordic Society expanded, what used to be a small society has become a crucial intermediary for all German-Scandinavian relations in these 2 years of support from the APA . Its director (Lohse) is determined by the APA, the counting houses in all districts are led by the respective Gauleiter. Corresponding agreements have been made with economic groups and other organizations and branches of the party that have relations with Scandinavia , so that almost all traffic between Germany and Scandinavia is now handled by Nordic society. "

Reich Commissioner for the East

“Appeal from the Reich Commissioner for the East, Hinrich Lohses, to the Latvian people”, signed in Kauen ( Kaunas ) on July 28, 1941, printed in the Latvian nationalist newspaper Tevija on August 8, 1941

Inauguration and program

Hinrich Lohse was proposed as Reich Commissioner as early as April 7, 1941 in a memorandum written by Alfred Rosenberg in the course of the development process of the Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories (RMfdbO) . Rosenberg was able to push through this proposal against Hitler. On July 25, 1941, a good month after the German invasion of the Soviet Union , Hinrich Lohse was appointed Reich Commissioner for the whole of Eastern Europe ( Latvia , Lithuania , Estonia and Belarus ). In this position he was the highest chief of the civil administration on site. His office was in Riga , the former study town of Rosenberg, on Adolf-Hitler-Straße (before and now: Brīvības iela ( Freiheits-Straße )). During the Nuremberg Trials , Rosenberg again gave the reason why he had chosen Lohse for this office. He wrote: “Lohse himself seemed sedate enough to me not to rush anything there and the personal relationship also seemed to ensure good cooperation. > I want to be nothing more than your political echo, "he said." Already in August 1941 issued Lohse the interim guidelines for the treatment of the Jewish question, the Jews and " half-breeds " a labeling prescribed the use of sidewalks and public transportation as well as all school attendance forbidden and through which Jewish property was confiscated. Thereupon a controversy arose with Hans-Adolf Prützmann and Walther Stahlecker, who did not see the "new possibilities to settle the Jewish question" exhausted.

After his inauguration, Lohse initially filled numerous important posts with friends from Schleswig-Holstein who had long known him . In particular, he recruited the area commissioners from among his pupils. So z. B. Hermann Riecken . The so-called Reichskommissariat Ostland practically became a 'colony' of Schleswig-Holstein.

Only a few days later, in August 1941, he expressed the premise under which his “civil” political program was to be implemented locally as quickly as possible by demanding instructions from his minister, Alfred Rosenberg, for the “treatment of Jews” in his area . In the long run, it was said, it was unthinkable for “the Jews” to remain in the East, and deportations without causing a stir - in accordance with the political instructions of the RMfdbO - were not feasible. He therefore suggested to the RMfdbO that "police measures" should be started immediately against the Jewish population there. The letter makes it clear that shortly after taking office, Lohse wished to cooperate directly with the task forces of the security police and the SD on site as early as possible , which also happened throughout the period that followed.

Participation in raids

Hinrich Lohse had quickly made it clear that he strictly followed the racial ideology pursued by the RMfdbO and the associated mass murders of the Jewish population in the occupied eastern territories. In addition, the RMfdbO quickly integrated him into the organizational process of the Einsatzstab Reichsleiter Rosenberg (ERR), who carried out raids across Europe until the end of the war . On August 20, 1941, Rosenberg asked Lohse in a letter to expressly forbid that any kind of cultural property could be carried on from any place without the permission of the Reich Commissioner. and informed Lohse that Gerhard Utikal, as head of the ERR, had been entrusted with the "seizure" of cultural goods in the Soviet Union. Thus Lohse and Utikal took part in leading positions, in cooperation and initially in general secrecy in the raids on site, even before Utikal received the official order for such "seizures" on October 2, 1941.

Rosenberg's demand that the raids should generally not take place without coordination with Lohse, only a few days later led to conflicts between Lohse and the military administration. So held Otto Braeutigam , liaison officer of RMfdbO the Foreign Office and the High Command of the Wehrmacht (OKW) and the Army High Command (OKH), on 24 September 1941 in his diary that a "long discussion with Reich Commissioner Lohse about his conflict with the Wehrmacht commander ”took place. And when on September 26, 1941, Bräutigam was staying in the “ Wolfsschanze ” in the Führer Headquarters (FHQ) , complaints from the OKW against Hinrich Lohse were brought to him by Lieutenant Colonel Kurt von Tippelskirch . On October 11, 1941, Hinrich Lohse took part in a large meeting with Otto Bräutigam and Lieutenant General zV Walter Braemer . The conflict between Lohse and the Wehrmacht went so far that Lohse publicly slapped Lieutenant General Braemer.

On October 22, 1941, Reich Labor Leader Konstantin Hierl went to Riga to talk to Hinrich Lohse. The subject of the conversation, as Martin Vogt inferred from the surviving sources, was the activities of the ERR and Hitler's specific request for the design of the museum in Linz , Upper Austria , where parts of the cultural assets looted from the Reichskommissariat Ostland should be housed.

Participation in the genocide

At the end of 1941, Hinrich Lohse's involvement in the Holocaust became increasingly evident. On October 25, 1941, Erhard Wetzel , "Jewish clerk" in the Political Department of the RMfdbO under Otto Bräutigam, wrote a letter to Hinrich Lohse. This letter, the so-called gas chamber letter, is the earliest written testimony that documents the connection between the T4 campaign and the genocide of the Jewish population in Europe. The occasion of the letter, as Wetzel wrote, was "very numerous shootings of Jews" in Vilna. The aim must therefore be to carry out an orderly solution beyond the public sphere, and Viktor Brack has already declared himself ready to "participate in the creation of the necessary accommodation [= gas chambers] and the gassing apparatus". Only two days later, the 11th Reserve Police Battalion in the Reichskommissariat Ostland, in Sluzk , wreaked havoc among the Jews there. The commanding officer had received the order to "clear the city of Jews". And on October 31, 1941, when Hitler ordered the mass deployment of Russian prisoners of war in the German war economy, Georg Leibbrandt , head of the Political Department in the RMfdbO, wrote another letter to Reich Commissioner Hinrich Lohse, in which it said: “On the part of the Reich and The main security office complained that the Reich Commissioner Ostland had prohibited the execution of Jews in Libau. I request an immediate report on the matter concerned. On behalf of Dr. Leibbrandt “15 days later, on November 15, 1941, Lohse sent a reply to Leibbrandt. It reads:

“I forbade the wild executions of Jews in Libau because the way they were carried out could not be held responsible. I ask you to inform me whether your request of October 31 is to be interpreted as an instruction that all Jews in the East should be liquidated? Should this be done regardless of age and gender and economic interests (e.g. the Wehrmacht in skilled workers in armaments factories)? It goes without saying that the purification of Jews from the East is an urgent task. However, their solution must be brought into harmony with the needs of the war economy. Neither from the orders on the Jewish question in the ' Brown Map ' nor from other decrees have I been able to take such an instruction. "

The letter makes it clear that at that time Hinrich Lohse was still unsure whether war- related issues - such as the use of Jews in the Nazi program of forced labor  - should be of any interest at all. On December 18, 1941, Otto Bräutigam, who on October 6, 1941 had taken over the management of the "Main Political Department" of the RMfdbO, wrote to Hinrich Lohse to clarify the uncertainty in this regard:

“In the meantime, oral discussions should clarify the Jewish question . Economic concerns should in principle be disregarded when regulating the problem. In addition, you are asked to settle any questions that arise directly with the Higher SS and Police Leader . By order signed groom. "

This announcement, after which Lohse gave up his protest, came only a few days after the public announcement of the existence of the RMfdbO, which until then had remained unnoticed by the general public. On November 12, 1941, it was publicly announced for the first time that the RMfdbO was responsible for the occupied eastern territories and that Hinrich Lohse would work for the RMfdbO alongside Erich Koch (who was appointed Reichskommissar in Ukraine ). The reason for this disclosure was that - as Joseph Goebbels wrote in his diary - "the offices had been exercised for a long time".

Lohse early December 1941 was an eyewitness to an action in which under the command of Friedrich Jeckeln in the forest of Rumbula were shot thousands of Latvian Jews.

On February 14, 1942, just a few days after the Wannsee Conference and the first follow -up conference in the RMfdbO (January 31, 1942), Hinrich Lohse met Otto Bräutigam, who on the same evening met Gerhard Rose , the physician-general of the Reich leadership and Initiator of criminal medical experiments on concentration camp inmates, and Harald Waegner , the head of the "Department of Health and Public Care" in Rosenberg's Eastern Ministry.

On March 26, 1942, the civil administration of the Reichskommissariat Ostland met under Lohse's chairmanship. According to everyone's opinion, the Jewish question must be resolved. It is regrettable that the previous procedure (the mass executions of the Jews), "as much as it is a political burden", has been abandoned for the time being. The current situation, that some of the Jews are not given any food, is not a solution. General Commissioner Kube attaches importance to the fact that "the liquidation is proceeded correctly".

On May 1, 1942, Oberregierungsrat Friedrich Karl Vialon , delegated from the Reich Ministry of Finance , arrived in Riga. Vialon became the new head of the finance department in Lohse's office because Lohse considered his predecessor to be "not suitable for the East". Just two months earlier, security police had sorted out all mothers with young children as well as the old, the infirm and the sick from Riga and the surrounding area for extermination. The main task of Vialon during this time was the collection of Jewish assets.

On July 31, 1942, Wilhelm Kube , General Commissioner for White Ruthenia, wrote to Hinrich Lohse in a letter from Minsk with the subject “ Partisan struggle and Jewish action in the General District of White Ruthenia ”: “In all clashes with partisans in White Ruthenia, it turned out that Judaism both in the former Polish part is the main carrier of the partisan movement. As a result, the treatment of Judaism in Belarus is ... an excellent political matter. " Heinrich Himmler had already determined who should be considered a" partisan " on December 18, 1941 when he noted in his diary:" Jewish question - exterminate as partisans " .

On June 18, 1943, Lohse wrote in a letter to Rosenberg:

“The fact that the Jews are given special treatment does not require any further discussion. But that things are going on as they are presented in the report of the General Commissioner [Kube] of June 1, 1943, hardly seems credible. What is Katyn against ? Just imagine that such incidents would be known on the other side and exploited there! "

Shortly before the final collapse of the Nazi regime, Lohse fell ill. In December 1944, Hitler handed Lohse's post over to Erich Koch, who until then was solely responsible for the Reichskommissariat Ukraine. At the same time, Hans Heinrich Lammers , head of the Reich Chancellery , informed Rosenberg that he should “not hinder Koch in his development”.

Law Enforcement and Denazification

After the war, former East Ministry employees referred to occasional protests against massacres of the Jews. However, "the officers complained less about the murders themselves than about the way they were carried out."

On May 6, 1945, Lohse was deposed as Gauleiter and Upper President of Schleswig-Holstein by Reich President Karl Dönitz . It was alleged that he and the Gauleiter of East Prussia, Erich Koch , had requested a submarine in order to be able to move to South America . On May 25, 1945, he was arrested by the British military. In the autumn of 1947 Lohse was transferred to Nuremberg , where he was interrogated by Robert Kempner on December 11, 1947, among others .

In January 1948, Hinrich Lohse, as a former "Reich Commissioner for the Occupied Eastern Territories" and "confidant in the mass extermination in the gas chambers", was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment and confiscation of property by the Bielefeld Chamber . In 1951 he was released due to illness.

In the denazification process , Lohse was only classified as a minor in category III by the Kiel denazification committee. Another public prosecutor's investigation against him was subsequently discontinued. In view of the disproportionate mildness that this criminal classification - as well as that of numerous other National Socialists - expressed in the development phase of the still young Federal Republic of Germany , there was partial outrage decades later. In 2005, for example, the historians Uwe Danker and Astrid Schwabe described this classification as "absurd" in view of the genocide and Lohse's leadership role in Schleswig-Holstein and in the Reich Commissioner.

In November 1951, Hinrich Lohse won 25 percent of his pension entitlement after he had filed a lawsuit against the state government of Schleswig-Holstein in Kiel at the end of October 1951. The reason was that Interior Minister Paul Pagel only wanted to pay out the 25 percent of his senior president's pension approved by the Arbitration Chamber if the federal government had given its approval. Lohse had also claimed that he only wanted to reorganize his finances because of his writing activities with his pension entitlements because he was working on a book about the history of the NSDAP. The granting of a senior president's pension was later revoked under pressure from the Schleswig-Holstein state parliament.

In 1961 Lohse had to testify against Carl Zenner in the Koblenz trial . In 1967, after his death, a new preliminary investigation was initiated against him.

Due to the use of a citizens' initiative, the city council of Nortorf decided in 2013 to formally revoke Lohse's honorary citizenship at the same time as Hitler's.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Uwe Danker, Astrid Schwabe: Schleswig-Holstein and National Socialism . Neumünster 2005, p. 196.
  2. ↑ a b Andreas Zellhuber: "Our administration is heading for a disaster ..." The Reich Ministry for the Occupied Eastern Territories and the German occupation in the Soviet Union 1941–1945. Vögel, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-89650-213-1 , p. 73.
  3. ^ Claus-Ekkehard Bärsch : The young Goebbels . Redemption and Destruction, Klaus Boer Verlag, 1995, ISBN 3-924963-72-X , pp. 197 and 229; Serge Lang / Ernst von Schenck: Portrait of a human criminal based on the memoirs of the former Reich Minister Alfred Rosenberg , St. Gallen 1947, p. 159, DNB
  4. ↑ On the renaming of the NGDK in KfdK cf. Reinhard Bollmus, The Office Rosenberg and its opponents . Studies on the power struggle in the National Socialist system of rule, Munich 1970, pp. 19 and 27.
  5. ^ Gerhard Hoch: The term of office of the Segeberg District Administrator Waldemar von Mohl 1932–1945. Dölling and Galitz, Hamburg 2001, ISBN 3-933374-92-8 , p. 41.
  6. ↑ a b W. Benz, H. Graml, H. Weiß (eds.): Encyclopedia of National Socialism . 3. Edition. Munich 1998, ISBN 3-608-91805-1 , p. 615.
  7. ↑ Quoted in: Hans-Günther Seraphim : Alfred Rosenberg's political diary from 1834/35 and 1939/40 , Göttingen / Berlin / Frankfurt 1956, p. 32. (Cited source: Document PS-003, reproduced in: IMT , Volume XXV, p. 15 ff.)
  8. ↑ Nuremberg Trial | The Trial of the Major War Criminals at the Nuremberg International Military Court November 14, 1945 - October 1, 1946 , Volume XI, Munich / Zurich 1984, pp. 603 f.
  9. ^ Ernst Klee : The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945, 2nd edition. Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 , p. 378 f.
  10. ↑ Alfred Rosenberg: last records , Göttingen 1955, p. 156.
  11. ↑ Document VEJ 7/186 in Bert Hoppe, Hiltrud Glass: (Ed.) The persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (source book) Volume 7: Soviet Union annexed areas I - Occupied Soviet territories under German military administration , Baltic States and Transnistria. Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-58911-5 , pp. 527-531.
  12. ↑ On the controversy in detail: Peter Longerich: Politics of Destruction - A Complete Presentation of the National Socialist Persecution of Jews , Munich 1998, ISBN 3-492-03755-0 , pp. 394–392.
  13. ^ Pohl, Reinhard (1998): Reichskommissariat Ostland: Schleswig-Holsteins Kolonie. In: "Schleswig-Holstein and the crimes of the Wehrmacht"., Kiel: November 1998, `` Gegenwind '', Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, Schleswig-Holstein, pp. 10-12.
  14. ^ Christopher Browning: The Final Solution and the German Foreign Office. London 1978, p. 70.
  15. ↑ Nuremberg Trial - The Trial of the Major War Criminals at the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal November 14, 1945 - October 1, 1946 , Volume XVIII, Munich / Zurich 1984, p. 114.
  16. ↑ a b Martin Vogt: Autumn 1941 in the “Führer Headquarters” . Werner Koeppens reports to his minister Alfred Rosenberg, Koblenz 2002, ISBN 3-89192-113-6 , p. 101 f. (Source: IMT, XXVI, Doc.No. 1015c, 1015d, pp. 530 f., 545 f.)
  17. ↑ a b H.D. Heilmann: From the war diary of the diplomat Otto Bräutigam. In: Götz Aly u. a. (Ed.): Biedermann and desk clerk . Materials on the German perpetrator biography, Institute for Social Research in Hamburg: Contributions to National Socialist Health and Social Policy 4, Berlin 1987, ISBN 3-88022-953-8 , pp. 145 f.
  18. ↑ HD Heilmann: From the war diary of the diplomat Otto Bräutigam. In: Götz Aly u. a. (Ed.): Biedermann and desk clerk . Materials on the German perpetrator biography, Institute for Social Research in Hamburg: Contributions to National Socialist Health and Social Policy 4, Berlin 1987, pp. 148 and 177.
  19. ↑ Martin Vogt: Autumn 1941 in the "Führer Headquarters" . Werner Koeppens reports to his Minister Alfred Rosenberg, Koblenz 2002, p. 93. (Source: Document 076-PS, IMT Volume XXV, pp. 140-145.)
  20. ↑ Gerald Reitlinger: The final solution . Hitler's attempt to exterminate the Jews of Europe 1939–1945, 7th edition. Berlin 1992, pp. 144 f., Cf. also p. 226 f .; Helmut Heiber : The General Plan East. In: Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte , Documentation 6 (1958), p. 305. (Cited sources: Nbg. Doc. NO-365, NO-996/97.) A complete copy of the document can also be found in: Anatomie des SS-Staates : Expert opinion of the Institute for Contemporary History , Volume 2, dtv, Munich 1967, p. 337. DNB
  21. ↑ The Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg November 14, 1945 - October 1, 1946 , Volume XVIII, Munich / Zurich 1984, p. 108.
  22. ↑ Manfred Overesch : The III. Reich 1939–1945 . A daily chronicle of politics, economy, culture. Düsseldorf 1983.
  23. ↑ The Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal in Nuremberg November 14, 1945 - October 1, 1946 , Volume XI, Munich / Zurich 1984, p. 609.
  24. ^ The trial of the main war criminals before the International Military Court of Nuremberg November 14, 1945 - October 1, 1946 , Volume XI, Munich / Zurich 1984, p. 609
    Serge Lang, Ernst von Schenck: Portrait of a human criminal based on the memoirs of the former Reich Minister Alfred Rosenberg , St. Gallen 1947, p. 131. Printed in full as document VEJ 7/213 in: Bert Hoppe, Hiltrud Glass (edit.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 (source collection) Volume 7 : Soviet Union with annexed areas I - Occupied Soviet areas under German military administration, the Baltic States and Transnistria. Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-58911-5 , pp. 578/579.
  25. ↑ Document VEJ 7/221 in Bert Hoppe, Hiltrud Glass: (Ed.) The persecution and murder of European Jews by Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945 (source book) Volume 7: Soviet Union annexed areas I - Occupied Soviet territories under German military administration , Baltic States and Transnistria. Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-58911-5 , p. 586.
  26. ↑ Peter Longerich: Politics of Destruction - A Complete Presentation of the National Socialist Persecution of Jews , Munich 1998, ISBN 3-492-03755-0 , p. 463.
  27. ↑ Martin Vogt: Autumn 1941 in the "Führer Headquarters" . Werner Koeppens reports to his Minister Alfred Rosenberg, Koblenz 2002, p. 14 (Source: Goebbels Tagebücher II, 2, p. 314.)
  28. ↑ Bert Hoppe, Hiltrud Glass (edit.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933–1945 (source collection) Volume 7: Soviet Union with annexed areas I - Occupied Soviet areas under German military administration, the Baltic States and Transnistria. Munich 2011, ISBN 978-3-486-58911-5 , p. 56 and Saul Friedländer: The Third Reich and the Jews. Seen through. Special edition in one volume, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-56681-3 , p. 643.
  29. ↑ HD Heilmann: From the war diary of the diplomat Otto Bräutigam. In: Götz Aly u. a. (Ed.): Biedermann and desk clerk . Materials on the German biography of the perpetrators, Institute for Social Research in Hamburg: Contributions to National Socialist Health and Social Policy 4, Berlin 1987, pp. 155 and 159.
  30. ↑ Document VEJ 8/80: On March 26, 1942, the civil administration of the Ostland Commissariat urged that the systematic mass murders of the Jews be resumed In: Bert Hoppe (edit.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933– 1945 (source collection) Volume 8: Soviet Union with annexed areas II. Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-486-78119-9 , pp. 238-239.
  31. ↑ a b Profit of the Ostland . In: Der Spiegel . No. 46 , 1967, p. 100 ( online ).
  32. ^ Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945, 2nd edition. Frankfurt am Main 2003, p. 640.
  33. ↑ Nuremberg Trial - The Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Court of Nuremberg November 14, 1945 - October 1, 1946 , Volume XI, Munich / Zurich 1984, p. 613
    Serge Lang, Ernst von Schenck: Portrait of a human criminal based on the memoirs left behind by former Reich Minister Alfred Rosenberg , St. Gallen 1947, p. 132 f. and 316. ( DNB )
  34. ↑ Quoted in: Peter Longerich : The unwritten command . Hitler and the way to the "final solution". Munich 2001, p. 139 f.
  35. ↑ IMT: The Nuremberg Trial of the Major War Criminals ... , fotomech. Reprint Munich 1989, vol. 38, ISBN 3-7735-2527-3 , p. 371 (Document 135-R) / see Christian Gerlach: Calculated Morde - The German economic and annihilation policy in Belarus 1941 to 1944 . Study edition Hamburg 2000, ISBN 3-930908-63-8 , pp. 907-908.
  36. ^ Alfred Rosenberg: Last Notes. Göttingen 1955, p. 216.
  37. ↑ Bert Hoppe (edit.): The persecution and murder of European Jews by National Socialist Germany 1933-1945 (source collection) Volume 8: Soviet Union with annexed areas II. Berlin 2016, ISBN 978-3-486-78119-9 , p. 42.
  38. ↑ Uwe Danker , Astrid Schwalbe: Schleswig-Holstein and National Socialism , Neumünster 2005, p. 151.
  39. ↑ Uwe Danker: Stories and Constructions of History. In: Sebastian Lehmann [Ed.]; Institute for Schleswig-Holstein Contemporary and Regional History Schleswig: Reichskommissariat Ostland: crime scene and commemorative object. Paderborn: Schöningh, 2012, ISBN 978-3-506-77188-9 , p. 244.
  40. ↑ Gerald Reitlinger : The final solution . Hitler's attempt to exterminate the Jews of Europe 1939–1945, 7th edition. Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-7678-0807-2 , p. 587; on the deprivation of property cf. Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945, 2nd edition. Frankfurt am Main 2003, p. 378 f .; Götz Aly u. a. (Ed.): Biedermann and desk clerk . Berlin 1987, p. 167.
  41. ↑ a b c Hinrich Lohse . In: Der Spiegel . No. 44 , 1951, pp. 24 ( online ). Hans Schröder . In: Der Spiegel . No.
     49 , 1951, pp. 32 ( online ).
  42. ↑ Uwe Danker, Astrid Schwabe: Schleswig-Holstein and National Socialism . Neumünster 2005, p. 176.
  43. ↑ Uwe Danker: Stories and Constructions of History. In: Sebastian Lehmann (Ed.): Reichskommissariat Ostland. Crime scene and souvenir . Schöningh, Paderborn 2012, ISBN 978-3-506-77188-9 , p. 236 f. (Institute for Schleswig-Holstein Contemporary and Regional History Schleswig).
  44. ↑ Years of discussion. Nortorf revokes Hitler's honorary citizenship . In: shz.de. April 24, 2013, accessed April 24, 2013.

literature

Short biographical articles


Essays

  • Uwe Danker : Senior Presidium and NSDAP Gau leadership in personal union: Hinrich Lohse. In: Landeszentrale für Politische Bildung (Ed.): National Socialist Rule Organizations in Schleswig-Holstein . Gegenwartsfragen 79, Kiel 1996, pp. 23–44.
  • Uwe Danker: The three lives of Hinrich Lohse. In: Democratic History. 11, Malente 1998, ISSN  0932-1632 , pp. 105-114.
  • Klaus Bästlein: Genocide and Colonial Daydream. The "Reichskommissariat Ostland" under Schleswig-Holstein administration. In: Alfred Gottwaldt u. a. (Ed.): Nazi tyranny . Contributions to historical research and legal processing. Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-89468-278-7 , pp. 217-246.
  • Reinhard Pohl: Reichskommissariat Ostland: Schleswig-Holstein's colony. In: "Schleswig-Holstein and the crimes of the Wehrmacht". Kiel: November 1998, Gegenwind , Heinrich Böll Foundation, Schleswig-Holstein, 1998, pp. 10–12.

Monographs

  • Uwe Danker, Astrid Schwabe: Schleswig-Holstein and National Socialism . Wachholtz, Neumünster 2005, ISBN 3-529-02810-X . review
  • Sebastian Lehmann: District leader of the NSDAP in Schleswig-Holstein: résumés and rulership practice of a regional power elite . Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld, IZRG series of publications, Volume 13, ISBN 3895346535
  • Sebastian Lehmann, Uwe Danker, Robert Bohn (eds.): Reichskommissariat Ostland. Crime scene and souvenir. A publication by the Institute for Schleswig-Holstein Contemporary and Regional History at the University of Flensburg and the Military History Research Office . Paderborn 2012, ISBN 978-3-506-77188-9 .

Web links

Commons : Hinrich Lohse  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Appeal to the Latvian People (1941)  - Sources and full texts
personal data
SURNAME Lohse, Hinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (NSDAP), MdR, MdL
DATE OF BIRTH September 2, 1896
PLACE OF BIRTH Mühlenbarbek
DATE OF DEATH February 25, 1964
Place of death Mühlenbarbek