Bad Schwartau

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Bad Schwartau
Bad Schwartau
Map of Germany, position of the city Bad Schwartau highlighted

Coordinates: 53 ° 55 '  N , 10 ° 42'  E

Basic data
State : Schleswig-Holstein
Circle : Ostholstein
Height : 8 m above sea level NHN
Area : 18.39 km 2
Residents: 20,044 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 1090 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 23611
Area code : 0451
License plate : OH
Community key : 01 0 55 004
LOCODE : DE BSU

City administration address : 		Markt 15
23611 Bad Schwartau
Website : www.bad-schwartau.de
Mayor : Uwe Brinkmann (independent)
Location of the city of Bad Schwartau in the Ostholstein district
Ahrensbök Altenkrempe Bad Schwartau Beschendorf Bosau Dahme (Holstein) Damlos Eutin Fehmarn Göhl Gremersdorf Grömitz Großenbrode Grube Harmsdorf Heiligenhafen Heringsdorf Kabelhorst Kasseedorf Kellenhusen Lensahn Malente Manhagen Neukirchen Neustadt in Holstein Oldenburg in Holstein Ratekau Riepsdorf Scharbeutz Schashagen Schönwalde am Bungsberg Sierksdorf Stockelsdorf Süsel Timmendorfer Strand Wangels Schleswig-Holsteinmap
About this picture
Building of the former district court of Bad Schwartau (until 2009) with the replica of the Peterich fountain
Historic water tower of Bad Schwartau

Bad Schwartau ( Low German : Bad Swartau ) is the largest city in the Ostholstein district in Schleswig-Holstein (Germany) and a state-recognized iodine brine and mud spa . The city lies on the Schwartau River immediately to the north, bordering Lübeck and forms an agglomeration with this city .

Neighboring communities

Districts

According to the main statutes of the city of Bad Schwartau, Bad Schwartau is divided into five districts:

history

The place name goes back to the Wendish name of the river Schwartau, which is interpreted as "the meandering". This refers to the very winding lower course of the river before it was straightened much later.

Before 1600

In 1177 the current district of Rensefeld was first mentioned in a document, the episcopal mill Schwartau Molendinium szwartowe was first mentioned in a document in 1215. In 1258, the Lübeck bishop set up an infirmary ("Domus leprosum"), the Schwartau infirmary , for lepers near today's St. George's Chapel . In the 15th century - after the leprosy (“leprosy”) had subsided - it was converted into an old people's and later poor house. In 1280, the Lübeck bishop Burkhard von Serkem founded the Kaltenhof farm outside the city of Lübeck an der Schwartau.

17th century

Around 1640, the Kaltenhof episcopal office was relocated to Schwartau, which developed into a market town.

18th century

Appeal by Magnus Stenbock to the residents of Schwartau at the end of 1712 during the Northern War
Schwartau market privilege from 1742

From December 20 to 31, 1712 (during the Great Northern War ), the Swedish commander Magnus Stenbock set up his headquarters in Schwartau. In 1742, the issued prince bishop of the diocese of Lübeck Adolf Friedrich Schwartau the first market rights for the Monday and Tuesday before St. John (June 24), this market is a privilege to two days before 1763 Michaeli extended (September 29).

19th century

Sign "Gebrüder-Fromm-Weg" - named after Paul and Otto Fromm, the founders of the Schwartauer Werke

After the Battle of Lübeck , the Prussian troops under Blücher passed through Schwartau on November 6, 1806 on their way to Ratekau . The French troops following them looted . In 1842 the offices of Kaltenhof and Großvogtei were combined to form the office of Schwartau in the Principality of Lübeck / Grand Duchy of Oldenburg .

On November 1, 1859, Schwartau was given the status of a community by the new Oldenburg municipal code .

In the run-up to the German-Danish War , the Schwartau turnpike was destroyed by Prussian troops in 1864, thereby violating the neutrality of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (" storming the Schwartau turnpike ").

In 1899 the Schwartau works are opened by the brothers Paul and Otto Fromm.

In the beginning of the 20th century

Advertisement for the "Schwartau villa colony" (1910)

Before 1900, Schwartau developed into a climatic health resort (" summer resort ") where guests can relax from the air pollution in large cities that came with industrialization. At the same time, Schwartau became a popular place of residence / retirement, which led to the development of villa colonies in Schwartau , Cleverbrück and Kaltenhof . In 1895 the first brine spring with a high iodine content was discovered. In 1901 Anton Baumann opened the "Elisabeth-Sol- und Moorbad", with which the development of the spa and bathing system in Bad Schwartau began .

In 1912 Schwartau was granted town charter , one year later Schwartau became Bad .

National Socialism and World War II

On October 26, 1932, Hitler held his campaign appearance originally planned for November 6 ( Lübeck ) on the Riesebusch sports field . In order to reach as large a number as possible, the NSDAP events took place in the open air. The Lübeck Market Place was the NSDAP due fountain, tree line and Kaak, too small, the alternate location, the Buniamshof , was the party too far away. Ergo the event was moved to Bad Schwartau . - In Bad Schwartau, too, people were persecuted during the National Socialist era. Today a number of stumbling blocks in Bad Schwartau testify to these persecutions.

In 1934 the villages of Rensefeld , Groß Parin and Cleverbrück were incorporated into the dissolved rural community of Rensefeld . In 1937, due to the Greater Hamburg Act , Schwartau was transferred from the Free State of Oldenburg to the Prussian province of Schleswig-Holstein as part of the Eutin district formed from the Principality of Lübeck .

Bad Schwartau was largely spared from air raids during the Second World War . During the Battle of Berlin , immediately after Hitler's last birthday, on April 20, 1945, prepared evacuation measures were carried out by the Reich government, Reich ministries and the security apparatus. All Reich Ministers then gathered in the Eutin - Plön area , north of Bad Schwartau, as this area was still free of combat. The newly appointed President of the People's Court Harry Haffner also fled to Schleswig-Holstein. After the previous chairman, Roland Freisler , died in an air raid in February 1945, Hitler appointed him the new President of the People's Court on March 12, 1945. Haffner sat on 24 April 1945 the advice of Wilhelm Keitel of Potsdam after Schwerin , and from there to Bad Schwartau. In Bad Schwartau he wanted to re-establish the People's Court. Before the approaching British troops, Karl Dönitz , who had been appointed Reich President before Hitler's suicide , fled together with the last Reich government on May 2, 1945 from Plön to Flensburg - Mürwik . The People's Court was evidently not moved to Flensburg, but this did not mean that the Nazi military justice system there did not pass harsh judgments. There is no further evidence of the activities of the People's Court in Bad Schwartau. The occupation of Bad Schwartau by the English troops prevented further activities of the People's Court. On May 4, 1945, Hans-Georg von Friedeburg signed the surrender of all German troops in northwest Germany, the Netherlands and Denmark on behalf of Dönitz . The war finally ended with the Unconditional Surrender on May 8th . On October 20, 1945, the Allied Control Council also finally dissolved the People's Court.

post war period

During the Cold War , the relics of the Second World War, the blasting shafts along the Kaltenhöfer Strasse, were integrated into the street so that the bridge over the Schwartau could be blown up in an emergency. It was assumed that enemy forces were advancing from the east and some bridges over the Schwartau were equipped with blasting pits along the natural obstacle Schwartau, its valley cuts and surrounding wetlands. The associated five pioneer barrier houses (explosives bunkers) are located near the Ratekauer Blocksberg and are used as bat housing. A blast shaft cover is now in the Schwartau Museum.

In 1957, the city of Bad Schwartau acquired the spa from Schwartauer Werke and in 1994 sold the city's spa to private sponsorship.

Population development

  • December 31, 1912: approx. 4,000
  • December 31, 1934: approx. 7,000 (after the incorporation)

With the arrival after the end of the Second World War , the number of inhabitants doubled. Since 1998 there has been a slight decrease in the number of inhabitants. However, the population has been growing again since 2010.

Population development of Bad Schwartau from 1998 to 2016 according to the table below
year Residents
1998 20,211
1999 20,026
2000 20,098
2001 20,120
2002 20,095
2003 19.901
2004 19,728
2006 19,794
year Residents
2007 19,714
2008 19,619
2009 19,683
2010 19,714
2012 19,756
2016 20.096
2017 19,997
2018 20,036

politics

City Council

The last three local elections on May 6, 2018 , May 26, 2013 and May 25, 2008 produced the following results:

Parties and constituencies %
2018 		Seats
2018 		%
2013 		Seats
2013 		%
2008 		Seats
2008
Bad Schwartau municipal election 2018
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
40.5%
29.5%
20.8%
7.2%
2.0%
n. k.
BfBS
WBS
Gains and losses
compared to 2013
 % p
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-12
-14
-1.7  % p
+ 0.4  % p
+ 9.5  % p
+ 3.9  % p
+ 2.0  % p
-14.0  % p
BfBS
WBS
Allocation of seats since 2018 in the city council of Bad Schwartau
8th
5
1
2
11
8th 5 1 2 11 
A total of 27 seats
CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany 40.5 11 42.2 14th 49.1 15th
SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany 29.5 8th 29.1 9 26.6 8th
WBS Bad Schwartau voter community - - 14.0 4th 17.9 5
GREEN Alliance 90 / The Greens 20.8 5 11.3 4th - -
FDP Free Democratic Party 7.2 2 3.3 1 6.4 1
BfBS Citizens for Bad Schwartau 2.0 1 - - - -
total 100 27 100 32 100 29
voter turnout 43.3% 46.8% 43.6%

mayor

Since a change in local electoral law in 1998, the head of the city administration is no longer elected by the city council, but by direct election. The main statute of the city of Bad Schwartau currently provides for an election period of six years. In the last election in 2016, in addition to the applicants from the SPD and CDU, three independent candidates stood for election, whereby the non-party applicant from the SPD prevailed in the runoff election on May 8 with 67.7% of the votes against the parliamentary group chairman of the CDU.

  • since 2016: Uwe Brinkmann (independent)
  • 2001-2016: Gerd Schubert (CDU)
  • 1990–2001: Joachim Wegner (CDU)
  • 1976–1990: Rainer Bahrdt (SPD)

.....

  • 1920-xxxx: Richard Franke
  • xxxx-1920: Wilhelm Gleiniger

coat of arms

Blazon : “Split and half split. On the right a black diagonal right-hand wave bar in silver, on the top left in blue a gold cross with simple notches at the thickened ends, on the bottom left in gold two red bars. "

The coat of arms was approved in 1948. The wavy bar represents the Schwartau river . The cross comes from the coat of arms of the former Diocese of Lübeck and the bar comes from the coat of arms of the former Grand Duchy of Oldenburg .

flag

Bad Schwartau has had a flag since 1961. This shows the black wavy line of the Schwartau from top left to bottom right and in the lower left quarter the red cross on a white background.

Bad Schwartauer Platz in Bad Doberan

Partnerships and sponsorships

There are city ​​partnerships with the following cities:

The city has taken over the sponsorship for the 5th company of the reconnaissance battalion 6 of the Bundeswehr in Eutin .

Culture and sights

Sculpture “The Knot” by Jo Kley

Bad Schwartau is nicknamed "The iodine brine - and mud spa of the north". With an iodide content of 6.36 mg / l, the place has one of the strongest iodine brine springs in northern Germany. The Schwartau brine is recommended for: degenerative and inflammatory diseases of the locomotor organs, various gynecological problems and after operations on the musculoskeletal system.

The city is at the gates of Lübeck and within easy reach of the Baltic Sea ( Lübeck Bay ) and Holstein Switzerland, surrounded by forest and the motorway.

Viewpoint & hike

building

Forest hall
Friedrich-August-Warte

The former social center of Bad Schwartau was the forest hall . Stars like Zarah Leander also performed here . The name of the second Bad Schwartau train station took this into account. It was called Bad Schwartau (forest hall) , or, when the forest hall no longer existed for a long time, just the forest hall .

Similarly popular as the Forest Hall was the 1902 inaugurated by the then ruler, the Oldenburg Grand Duke Friedrich August (Oldenburg, Grand Duke) , named Friedrich-August-waiting .

The two oldest buildings in the city are worth seeing

as well as the district court of Bad Schwartau, built in the neo-Renaissance style

Public art, sculptures

  • Bronze sculpture "The Readers" - on the market square in front of the library
  • Stone sculpture "The Knot" (by Jo Kley ) - on Europaplatz / Auguststrasse
  • Market fountain with the sculpture “ Im Spiel der Wellen ” by Prof. Paul Peterich (* 1864 Schwartau; † 1937 Rotterdam) on the market square (reproduction of the original sculpture melted down in 1942)
  • Bust of the writer Thomas Mann at the entrance to the spa gardens in Eutiner Strasse / Riesebusch

Monuments and memorial stones

Memorial stone on the edge of the Kurparksee
Four stumbling blocks in Bad Schwartau - in front of Auguststraße 22 - in memory of the Jaschek family
Signal box "Sn" in Geibelstraße 13 as part of the Bad Schwartau train station
  • Bad Schwartau station in its entirety with the signal boxes "Sn" (Geibelstraße, also an individual monument) and "Sf" (Elisabethstraße)

museum

Sports

The most important sports club in the city is the VfL Bad Schwartau , whose men's handball team played in the handball Bundesliga . In 2002 the Bundesliga license was taken over by HSV Hamburg . This was followed by relegation to the Northeast Regional Handball League . Since the 2007/2008 season, VfL has been playing in the 2nd handball league again . Since the 2017/18 season, the team has been playing as VfL Lübeck-Schwartau .

The student rowing team at Leibniz Gymnasium Bad Schwartau has existed since 1948.

Economy and Infrastructure

Bad Schwartau is best known for its food industry . The largest employer is the Schwartauer Werke . Another economic focus is the health sector.

traffic

The city is on the A1 ( Vogelfluglinie ). There is a connection to Lübeck , Stockelsdorf , Lübeck-Travemünde and Timmendorfer Strand via several bus lines from Stadtverkehr Lübeck . The Berlin line bus (closed in 2016), which connects Schleswig-Holstein with Berlin , also runs in Bad Schwartau . Just outside the village lies the station of Bad Schwartau to the railways Kiel - Lübeck - Lüneburg and Puttgarden / Neustadt in Holstein - Lübeck-Hamburg . The RB84, RB85 and RE 83 stop here every half or hour. The fixed link across the Fehmarnbelt has been decided and Bad Schwartau is affected, as many freight trains are to run to Scandinavia in the future; the city demands that the Bahn AG build a 7 meter deep trough to keep immissions low.

Schools and education

  • General education schools:
    • Primary schools:
      • GS Cleverbrück, Cleverhofer Weg, 256 students in 12 classes
      • GS Bad Schwartau, Mittelstrasse (formerly GHS Rensefeld), 380 students in 15 classes
    • Community school
      • Elisabeth Selbert Community School Bad Schwartau, Schulstrasse, 501 students in 22 classes
    • Gymnasiums:
      • Gymnasium Am Mühlenberg, Ludwig-Jahn-Straße, 730 students in 29 classes
      • Leibniz-Gymnasium, Lübecker Straße, 624 students in 29 classes
      • Pedagogy (priv.), Lübecker Straße, 237 students in 15 classes
    • Special schools:
      • School on Papenmoor (Rensefeld, Am Kirchhof), 172 students in 20 classes (12 supervised)
      • Schule am Hochkamp, ​​Am Hochkamp, ​​55 students in 4 classes (162 supervised)
  • Vocational schools:
    • Vocational schools in the Ostholstein district (branch), Ludwig-Jahn-Straße

Student numbers from the school year 2019/2020.

  • Other educational institutions
    • District music school (branch), Ludwig-Jahn-Straße
    • Adult Education Center, Stettiner Strasse
    • City library, market
    • Museum, Schillerstraße (currently closed)

Churches

  • New Apostolic Church:
    • Anton-Baumann-Strasse
  • Roman Catholic:
    • Parish Church of Maria Königin, Geibelstrasse

  • Kreuzkirche (Baptists)

  • Church of Maria Königin (Roman Catholic)

  • Martin Luther Church (SELK)

  • St. Fabian and St. Sebastian (Evangelical Lutheran), OT Rensefeld

  • St. Martin (Evangelical Lutheran), OT Cleverbrück

  • George's Chapel (Evangelical Lutheran)

  • Christ Church (Evangelical Lutheran)

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who lived and live in Bad Schwartau

literature

  • Georg Harzers: Colonial pioneer August Lüderitz was a citizen of Bad Schwartau . In: Association for the care and promotion of local history (Hrsg.): Yearbook for local history . Struve's Buchdruckerei und Verlag, Eutin 1990, p. 182-183 .

Web links

Commons : Bad Schwartau  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Bad Schwartau  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ North Statistics Office - Population of the municipalities in Schleswig-Holstein 4th quarter 2019 (XLSX file) (update based on the 2011 census) ( help on this ).
  2. ^ Result of the mayoral election 2016 , found through elections and results in Bad Schwartau
  3. ↑ "The non-party SPD candidate, Dr. Uwe Brinkmann. ” In the Lübecker Nachrichten
  4. ↑ See overview of the Society for Leprosy of All Leprosoria in Schleswig-Holstein under Archived Copy ( Memento of the original from December 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), last accessed on December 26, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.muenster.org
  5. ^ Gerhard Schneider: Endangerment and Loss of Statehood of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck and its Consequences. Publications on the history of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck, Series B, Volume 14, Verlag Schmidt-Römhild, 1986, ISBN 3-7950-0452-7
  6. ↑ Manfred Bannow-Lindtke: Bad Schwartau in the Third Reich. Albers & Range, Bad Schwartau 1993.
  7. ↑ Jens Orback : Shadows on my soul: A war grandson discovers the story of his family , section on 1945, Freiburg im Brsg. 2015
  8. ↑ Stephan Link: "Rattenlinie Nord". War criminals in Flensburg and the surrounding area in May 1945. In: Gerhard Paul, Broder Schwensen (Hrsg.): Mai '45. End of the war in Flensburg. Flensburg 2015, p. 20 f.
  9. ^ Ernst Piper: Alfred Rosenberg. Hitler's chief ideologist. Munich 2005, p. 620.
  10. ↑ Lübecker Nachrichten LN is looking for contemporary witnesses 70 years ago the Second World War came to an end , from: February 14, 2015; Retrieved on: July 7, 2017
  11. ^ Friedrich-Wilhelm von Hase : Hitler's revenge. The Stauffenberg assassination attempt and its consequences for the families of the conspirators , Holzgerlingen 2014, section: 2.5.3. The end of the People's Court
  12. ^ Edmund Lauf: The People's Court and its Observer: Conditions and Functions of Court Reporting in National Socialism , Wiesbaden 1994, p. 19
  13. ^ Die Zeit : Das brown Schleswig-Holstein , from: December 6, 1989; accessed on: March 21, 2019
  14. ↑ Flensburger Tageblatt : Bus tour through Flensburg: In the footsteps of contemporary history , from: January 30, 2012; Retrieved on: March 22, 2015
  15. ^ Edmund Lauf: The People's Court and its Observer: Conditions and Functions of Court Reporting in National Socialism , Wiesbaden 1994, p. 19
  16. ^ Friedrich-Wilhelm von Hase : Hitler's revenge. The Stauffenberg assassination attempt and its consequences for the families of the conspirators , Holzgerlingen 2014, section: 2.5.3. The end of the People's Court
  17. ↑ The surrender on the Timeloberg (PDF, 16 S .; 455 kB)
  18. ^ Friedrich-Wilhelm von Hase : Hitler's revenge. The Stauffenberg assassination attempt and its consequences for the families of the conspirators , Holzgerlingen 2014, section: 2.5.3. The end of the People's Court
  19. ^ Source: Statistical reports of the Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein
  20. ^ Local elections in Schleswig-Holstein. Retrieved February 16, 2019 .
  21. ^ Result of municipal elections 2013 ( Memento from September 30, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  22. ↑ http://wahlen.kreis-oh.de/wahl/GW2008/badschwartau.htm
  23. ↑ Main statute of the city of Bad Schwartu. Retrieved May 28, 2017 .
  24. ↑ Advantic Systemhaus GmbH: Mayor election - final result / Bad Schwartau. Retrieved May 28, 2017 .
  25. ↑ Schleswig-Holstein's municipal coat of arms
  26. ↑ partnership
  27. ↑ Olaf Preuß: Fehmarn Belt Tunnel - a connection that divides. In: welt.de. March 17, 2019, accessed March 17, 2019 .
  28. ↑ Statistical Office for Hamburg and Schleswig-Holstein: Directory of general education schools in Schleswig-Holstein 2019/2020
  29. ↑ https://www.bad-schwartau.de/Meine-Stadt/Kulturelle-Einrichtungen/Museum , accessed on May 10, 2019