Johann Georg Buchwald

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Johann Georg Buchwald (1723–1806) (contemporary watercolor)

Johann Georg Ludwig Bonifaz Buchwald (born August 22, 1723 in Teplitz , Bohemia ; † November 1806 in Schwartau ) (mostly referred to as Johann Buchwald or Johann Georg Buchwald - "Bonifaz" is often Latinized to "Bonifacius" ) was a faience master / - artist, under whose work several faience manufacturers in Schleswig-Holstein experienced their heyday and who is one of the most important German ceramic artists.

Life

Plate from the Kiel faience factory
The former Buchwald house in Bad Schwartau (changed in appearance by plastering ) (today: Lübecker Straße 58)
Potpourri - an example of a preserved Schwartau faience
The Stockelsdorf manor house, on the grounds of which the Stockelsdorf faience factory was located
Braided rim plate from the Stockelsdorf faience factory

Johann Georg Ludwig Bonifacius Buchwald was born in 1723 in the Bohemian town of Teplitz (at the time under King Karl II part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation ).

He learned the ceramic faience craft - painting and embossing .

In 1743 he found a job in the Fulda Fayencemanufaktur (which existed from 1741–1758), from where he moved to Adam Friedrich von Löwenfinck in 1746 (among others, he founded the Höchst Porcelain Manufactory ) , where he worked as a bossier. In 1748 he returned to the Fulda faience factory as a painter, which he left around 1751. In Fulda, she converted from Jewish to Catholic in 1748 and married Eva Elisabeth Heller in 1749 .

At the beginning of 1754 he worked as a bossier in the Hungarian faience factory in Holitsch .

From 1754 to around 1757 he worked for the first time as a manufacturer in Wohlau in Silesia . However, the outbreak of the Seven Years' War put an end to this.

In 1757 he was in the Stralsund faience factory as a "manufacturer" - d. H. Head of Manufactory - active; However, the Stralsund faience factory soon suffered from the consequences of the Seven Years' War (1756–1763).

In 1758 he moved from Stralsund (at that time part of Sweden ) to Sweden where he introduced multicolored painting and muffle fire at Rörstrand in Stockholm .

In 1759 he moved to the Marieberg faience factory (now part of Stockholm ) as a foreman, where he worked until 1765.

In the meantime, he has become a specialist and artist, and in 1765 he became director of the Eckernförde faience factory , which heralded its (short) heyday, in which this faience was produced on a European level. During the time in Eckernförde , his daughter Catharina Theresia married the faience painter Abraham Leihammer (1745–1774). His wife Eva Elisabeth dies in 1766 - in 1776, Ida Magdalena marries Lucia Schlueter .

In 1768 Johann Buchwald went to Kiel - also as a director - to manage the faience manufactory there in Kiel , where very important faiences were created during the time of its existence. He was accompanied there by his son-in-law Abraham Leihammer and his father Johann Leihammer (1721 - approx. 1778) - both faience painters.

In 1771, Johann Buchwald - together with Abraham and Johann Leihammer - moved to Stockelsdorf near Lübeck as director - even before the Kiel faience factory ceased operations in 1772.

The Stockelsdorf faience factory was founded in the same year by Georg Nicolaus Lübbers and produced faience of the highest quality and with a well-known reputation. In 1786 the Stockelsdorf faience factory was given up due to competition from cheaper stoneware and the hindrance caused by customs barriers and an import ban.

On July 3, 1787, Johann Buchwald sent an application to Prince-Bishop Peter (in Eutin / Principality of Lübeck ) for the designation of three building sites for a pottery and a house, which was granted. That is why he moved to Schwartau in the same year , where he founded the pottery for the production of stoves and dishes made from faience (the so-called " Schwartauer Faience "). However, this venture was unsuccessful and the Buchwalds live in very poor circumstances. So u collected a. the Masonic Lodge "Zur Weltkugel" (in which he was a member) in 1799 for him and his family. In 1796 Johann Buchwald went to Riga , where he got a job. The faience factory was meanwhile continued as a pottery by his son Georg Gottlieb Buchwald .

In 1799 he returned to Schwartau , where he died in early November 1806.

He was to be buried on November 6, 1806 - but the French troops marching through Schwartau on this day (who followed the remains of the Prussian army under Blücher to Ratekau after the battle of Lübeck ) looted the house, stole a.o. a. his coffin as firewood and prepared his corpse "in the most hideous way". The burial takes place on November 10, 1810 in the cemetery of the Rensefeld church .

Faience

The faiences produced by Johann Georg Buchwald - or under his direction - have achieved the highest quality and are of art historical importance for northern Germany . They can be found in numerous museums and a. - so in the Museum of Art and Industry in Hamburg, in the St. Annen Museum and in the Behnhaus in Lübeck , in the Museum Eckernförde in the porcelain collection at Gut Schierensee and in the Ostholstein Museum Eutin . A few of the “ Schwartau faience ” produced by Johann Georg Buchwald (or later his son) in Schwartau have survived and can be identified. These are located in the Museum of the City of Bad Schwartau , in the Museum of Art and Commerce in Hamburg and in the Schleswig-Holstein State Museum at Gottorf Castle .

Others

literature

Web links

Commons : Stockelsdorfer Fayence  - collection of images, videos and audio files
personal data
SURNAME Buchwald, Johann Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Buchwald, Johann Georg Ludwig Bonifaz (full name); Buchwald, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German porcelain artist
DATE OF BIRTH August 22, 1723
PLACE OF BIRTH Teplitz , Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH November 1806
Place of death Schwartau