Spa gardens
A spa park is an inner-city park that, on the one hand , is laid out like a pure landscape park according to the ideas of garden art and landscape architecture , but as essential elements as a spa house with drinking hall , bath house , fountain house and concert shell , often also a temple of the muses (mostly in the form of a monopteros ) and has a walkway and thus becomes an element of a spa facility. It should offer opportunities to retreat, combined with the experience of getting to know nature in a designed space.
history
The medicinal effects of hot springs were already known in ancient times. The Roman thermal baths were often integrated into a park-like facility. The first ancient health resorts also emerged. In Germany, the spa towns of Aachen , Wiesbaden , Baden-Baden and Badenweiler were founded in the first century AD .
The first modern spa gardens were created in Europe in the 17th century. As one of the first in Bad Driburg in 1665, Ferdinand von Fürstenberg laid out an avenue to the enclosed spring.
In 1737 was Balthasar Neumann in Bad Kissingen on behalf of the then ruler, the Würzburg Prince Bishop Friedrich Karl von Schönborn , create a central spa gardens, in the second half of the 19th century by order of King Maximilian II. By the court gardener Jacob Ickelsheimer beyond the Franconian Saale to a spa park (" Luitpoldpark ") was expanded.
In 1758, at the suggestion of Karl-Friedrich Margrave of Baden, a spa park was laid out in Badenweiler with the planting of a walnut avenue.
In Germany, according to the health resort law , the rating bath requires an appropriate health resort park. Some well-known spa parks belong to the European Garden Heritage Network .
Well-known spa parks
In Germany:
- Baden-Baden
- Bad Brambach (1912, approx. 16 ha)
- Bad Brückenau (approx. 1759)
- Bad Cannstatt (15 ha)
- Bad Düben (1846, approx. 8 ha)
- Bad Elster
- Bad Hamm (approx. 1882, 66 ha)
- Bad Hersfeld (approx. 6.5 ha)
- Bad Homburg (44 ha)
- Bad Kissingen (approx. 1838)
- Königsborn
- Bad Lobenstein (approx. 1868)
- Malente (1962, 56 ha)
- Bad Nauheim (15 ha without pond)
- Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler (1858, 4.2 ha)
- Bad Pyrmont
- Bad Oeynhausen (1853)
- Bad Reichenhall (4 ha)
- Bad Salzuflen (120 ha)
- Bad Wildungen (with 50 hectares the largest spa park in Europe)
- Bad Wildbad
- Badenweiler (1758, 22 ha with remains of a Roman bath complex)
- Wiesbaden (1857, 7.5 ha)
- Wilhelmshaven (17 ha)
- Gräflicher Park Bad Driburg (1665, 27 ha)
In Switzerland:
- Kurpark (Baden) (1875)
Bad Salzuflen
Bad Pyrmont spa gardens
Wilhelmshaven spa gardens
Wiesbaden spa gardens
Wandelhalle Bad Cannstatt
Walkway in Bad Brückenau
Bad Oeynhausen
Kurhaus Göggingen
Mozart temple in the spa gardens of Baden near Vienna , Austria
Memorial stone for the inauguration of the Sibyllenbad ⊙
Spa garden and spa house in Warnemünde
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literature
- Johannes Lang : In the garden of healing. The history of the royal spa gardens in Bad Reichenhall . Noricum, 2005, ISBN 978-3-9809580-4-2
- Kai Schönberger: Artificial rock sections in the garden art of the 19th century. The Kurpark in Wiesbaden . Driesen, 2009, ISBN 978-3-86866-012-8
- Günter Berg: Bad Homburg vd Höhe spa gardens. History, design, botany . Gehlen, 1988. ISBN 3-44100150-8
- Spa parks in Ostwestfalen-Lippe. The healing garden of Germany , LWL 2008
- Fred Kaspar: Count's Park Bad Driburg. 1782 • Tradition Modern • 2007 . Imhof, Petersberg 2007, ISBN 978-3-86568-247-5
- Fred Kaspar. The spa garden - a historical overview. From playground and avenue to spa gardens and spa gardens, Petersberg 2016
