Max Brahn

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Max Brahn (born June 15, 1873 in Laurahütte , Upper Silesia, † late October 1944 in Auschwitz ) was a German psychologist .

Early life

Stumbling stone at the house, Pommersche Strasse 15, in Berlin-Wilmersdorf

Brahn, son of the merchant Gustav Brahn, was a Jew and visited in Bytom the school , which he in 1891 with High School graduated.

Education

He studied medicine at the Universities of Erlangen , Munich , Berlin , Kiel and Heidelberg . In Berlin he was Hermann Ebbinghaus and in Heidelberg Emil Kraepelin with the psychology familiar.

After completing his medical physics course , he turned completely to psychology and philosophy . With the dissertation The Development of the Soul Concept in Kant , he received his doctorate in philosophy in Heidelberg in 1895. After that he went to Leipzig to be under the direction of Wilhelm Wundt with experimental psychology and especially the emotions to deal and feelings.

Teaching and publications

In 1898 he asked for admission to the habilitation in Leipzig; however, the process was not completed until 1901. In the same year Brahn began lecturing on psychophysics .

From 1900 to 1909 Brahn was also the editor of the Pedagogical-Psychological Studies , a supplement to the journal Deutsche Schulpraxis . In this way he succeeded in imparting the methods of experimental psychology in education to the teaching staff; In 1906 the Leipzig teachers' association founded the Institute for Experimental Pedagogy and Psychology , and Brahn was entrusted with its scientific management.

In 1909 he became chairman of an association for the establishment of a school museum in Leipzig . However, the beginnings of the school museum in a classroom of a Leipzig elementary school ended with the First World War.

At the Institute for Experimental Pedagogy and Educational Psychology at the University of Leipzig founded by Ernst Meumann in 1910 , Brahn took over the management of the laboratory in 1911. He also took up a teaching position at the private university for women in Leipzig (later a women's seminar for social education ). From 1912, he and Max Döring published the Pedagogical Archives , seven volumes of which had appeared by 1916.

A promotion of Brahns to full professor for psychology and experimental pedagogy, requested by Wundt in 1913, was rejected by the faculty. The attempt by the Saxon Ministry of Culture to establish a regular professorship for professional psychology and experimental pedagogy for Brahn failed again in 1921 due to resistance from his colleagues, including his former mentor Wundt. Brahn then resigned the management of the Institute for Experimental Pedagogy in Leipzig and turned away from academic psychology. As a result, the University of Leipzig revoked his teaching license in 1926.

Public offices

In the Reich Labor Ministry created by the Weimar Republic in 1919 , a committee for scientific research into work was set up, in which Brahn represented psychology. As a member of the government , Brahn became German representative for work inquiries in 1922 in Upper Silesia, which had just been divided between Poland and the Reich . From 1927 he was also responsible as permanent arbitrator for labor disputes in Upper Silesia for the arbitration of wage and collective bargaining disputes; in the same role he became permanent arbitrator for Westphalia in 1928. His successful work as a mediator brought him to Kurt von Schleicher's cabinet list as a candidate for the office of labor minister in 1932 , but this failed because of the resistance of the National Socialists against a Jewish minister.

National Socialism

In 1933 he lost all offices due to the National Socialists and fled to the Netherlands. After the German invasion of the Netherlands, he became a member of the Amsterdam Jewish Council in 1941 as a representative of foreign Jews . Despite assurances to the contrary by the Nazis, he and his wife Hedwig (née Cahn, * 1880) were deported to the Theresienstadt ghetto via the Westerbork transit camp in 1943 . At the end of October 1944 both were murdered in Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp .

On July 13, 2019 , stumbling blocks were laid for him and his wife in front of his former place of residence, Berlin-Wilmersdorf , Pommersche Straße 15 .

Fonts

  • (no year - 1896). The development of the soul concept in Kant . Leipzig: Gebr. Gerhardt.
  • (1896/1897). The teaching of feeling. Your theories and experiments. A critical review of the literature. In: Journal of Hypnotism, Psychotherapy and Other Psychophysiological and Psychopathological Research . Vol. 4, pp. 303-321; Vol. 5, pp. 56-77.
  • (1900). Experimental and Physiological Psychology in Education . Pedagogical-psychological studies, 1 (1), 1 f.
  • (1901). Experimental contributions to the theory of feeling . Part I: The directions of feeling. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.
  • (1901/1903). Experimental contributions to the theory of feeling . I. Part. The directions of feeling. Philosophical Studies, 18 (1), 127–187.
  • (1910). Experimental pedagogy . Educational-psychological work, 1, 1–16.
  • (1914a). Preface . In GS Hall, The Founders of Modern Psychology (Lotze, Fechner, Helmholtz, Wundt). Translated by Raymund Schmidt. Introduced by foreword by Dr. Max Brahn (pp. III-VIII). Leipzig: Felix Meiner.
  • (1914b). Preface . In GS Hall, Wilhelm Wundt. The founder of modern psychology. Translated by Raymund Schmidt. Introduced by foreword by Dr. Max Brahn (pp. IV-VIII). Leipzig: Felix Meiner.
  • (1914c). Experimental psychology and pedagogy in secondary schools . Archives for pedagogy. Part II: Pedagogical Research, 2, 146–153.
  • (1915a). Friedrich Nietzsche's opinions on states and wars . Leipzig: Alfred Kröner.
  • (1915b). Ernst Meumann and the organizations for the maintenance of scientific pedagogy . Journal of Educational Psychology and Experimental Pedagogy, 16, 227–232.
  • (1917). Nerve samples. The first official examinations for qualification for railway service. Berliner Tageblatt. 2. Supplement. Sunday, October 14, 1917, vol. 46, No. 525, op
  • (1918). Political ABC . Leipzig: Der-Neue-Geist-Verlag.
  • (1919a). Reflections on the aptitude test . Journal of Educational Psychology and Experimental Education, 20, 328–333.
  • (1919b). Preface . In Friedrich Nietzsche. The will to power. (Nietzsche's works, supplementary volume), Leipzig: Alfred Kröner, VII – XVI
  • (1920). Wilhelm Wundt and applied psychology . Practical Psychology, 2, 1–3.

literature

  • Steffen Dietzsch : Max Brahn (1873–1944), in: Sächsische Lebensbilder, ed. v. Gerald Wiemers, Saxon. Akad. D. Wiss., Stuttgart 2009, Vol. 6, pp. 97-112.
  • Horst Gundlach: Max Brahn, in: Philosophy and History, Vol. 6, Issue 3/4, April 1995, pp. 223-231.

Web links

Commons : Max Brahn  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Max Brahn  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Leipzig School Museum
  2. ↑ Gundlach, p. 228
personal data
SURNAME Brahn, Max
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH June 15, 1873
PLACE OF BIRTH Laurahütte , Upper Silesia
DATE OF DEATH October 1944
Place of death Auschwitz concentration camp