Yulia Pavlovna Awerkiyeva

Julija Pavlovna Awerkijewa-Petrowa ( Russian Юлия Павловна Аверкиева ; born July 24, 1907 in the village of Poduschemje, Ujesd Kem in the Arkhangelsk Governorate ; † October 9, 1980 in Moscow ) was a well-known ethnologist of the Soviet Union . She was the director of North American Studies at the Ethnological Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences in Moscow and the editor in charge of the Sovetskaya Etnografiya .

Life

Julija P. Awerkijewa came from a farming family in Karelia . From 1925 she studied at Leningrad University in the department of geography ethnology with WG Bogoras and Lew Sternberg . She specialized in the Finno-Ugric languages. After graduating in 1929, she got the opportunity to learn about the ethnography of North America at Columbia University in the USA . After a year in New York, she took part from October 1930 on a six-month research trip to the Kwakiutl on Vancouver Island on the northwest coast of the American continent. It was the last field research by the German-American ethnologist Franz Boas .

In 1931 she began an apprenticeship at the Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography of the Academy of Sciences and defended her candidacy in 1935 with her dissertation on slavery among the Indians of North America .

She was exposed to political hostility as early as 1936. She was deported from autumn 1947 to 1954, most recently to Siberia. She was fully rehabilitated. Julija Pawlowna Awerkijewa published over 60 papers in the field of North American ethnology. With her work on the emergence of slavery and the changes in the plains and prairie cultures, she was a pioneer of the ethnohistorical method. Awerkijewa specialized in the Indians of the subarctic as well as the Plains and Prairie Indians . Her research areas also included the Iroquois people and Lewis Henry Morgan, who was valued by Marx and communist ethnologists but sidelined in the United States by the then dominant anti-evolutionist Boas school . She criticized the situation of the Indians in the USA.

Her most important achievement was the establishment of the North America department of the Anthropological and Ethnographic Museum in Leningrad.

Works (selection)

• GR Elliot, VV Sroovie, Julia Averkieva, Slavery Among the Indians of North America , Victoria, Victoria College, 1957. New edition 1966.
  • Her dissertation was first published in the Sovetskaja Etnografia , in Vol. 4–5, 1935, pp. 40–61, then in 1941 by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow, 1941
• The Tlingit Indians , in: North American Indians in Historical Perspective , Eleanor B [urke] Leacock et al. Nancy O [estreich] Luri (Ed.), New York, 1971, pp. 317-342.
• About the role of the tribal chiefs in the conditions of the colonization of North America . In: Yearbook of the Museum für Völkerkunde zu Leipzig , Vol. 28, 1972, pp. 351–356.
• Historicism in Soviet Ethnographic Science , in: Soviet and Western Anthropology , Ernst Gellner (Ed.), Columbia University Press, New York, 1980, pp. 19-27.
• Neoevolutionism in contemporary US ethnography . In: Kultur und Ethnos , Bernhard Weissel (ed.), Akademie Verlag, Berlin, 1980, s. 39ff.
• On the development of the social order among the Bella Coola on the northwest coast of North America , Nortorf, Völkerkundliche Arbeitsgemeinschaft, 1980.
• North American Indian Studies , No. 2, European Contributions. Society and Art , Pieter Hovens et al. IUliia Pavlovna Averkieva (ed.), Göttingen, Edition Herodot, Forum , No. 7, 1984.
• Pirjo Varjola, Iuliia Pavlovna Averkieva, RG Liapunova, The Etholén Collection, the Ethnographic Alaskan Collection of Adolf Etholén and his Contemporaries in the National Museum of Finland , Helsinki, National Board of Antiquities, 1990.
• Julia P [avlovna] Averkieva and Mark A [llen]. Sherman, Kwakiutl String Figures , Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History , No. 71, Seattle et al. New York, University of Washington Press a. American Museum of Natural History, 1992. Also published as an e-book.

literature

• Mark A [llen] Sherman, Introduction , in: Kwakiutl String Figures , Seattle, 1992, pp. XVII-XX.
• Andrei A. Znamenski, A Household God in a Socialist World. Lewis Henry Morgan and Russian / Soviet Anthropology , in: Ethnologia Europaea (Jonas Frykman and Gösta Arvaston, eds.), Museum Tusculanum Press, Volume 25, No. 2, pp. 177–187.

Web links

• Biography on the website of the Russian National Library (Russian)