Yuri Karlowitsch Olescha

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Yuri Olescha

J u ri K a rlowitsch Ol e -skin ( Russian Юрий Карлович Олеша ;. Scientific transliteration Jurij Karlovič OLESA * February 19 . Jul / 3. March  1899 greg. In Jelisawetgrad , Russian Empire ; † 10. May 1960 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) was a Russian writer, poet, and playwright of the early Soviet period.

Life

Olescha was born in Jelisavetgrad (now part of Ukraine ) as the son of a Polish-born civil servant and lived in the port city of Odessa since he was four . There he went to high school, among other things, and began to write poetry at a young age; one of them was first published in a newspaper in 1915. In 1917, Yuri Olescha began studying law at Odessa University , but was unable to graduate due to the famine during the Russian Civil War and his literary activities. In 1921 he went to Kharkov and worked there as a journalist. At the same time he published his own poems in a local newspaper.

In 1922, Olescha's parents moved to Poland , while Olescha went to Moscow herself. There he initially wrote for the railway workers newspaper Gudok , for which authors such as Bulgakow , Katajew as well as Ilf and Petrow were also active at the time. In 1924 he published the children's novel Die Drei Dickwänste (Russian Три Толстяка ) his first lengthy work, which is also one of his most famous books. This is a fairytale-style story of a fictional country whose society - with a clear allusion to pre-revolutionary Russia - is shaped by injustice and oppression, which is why there is ultimately a revolution. The novel, which was also Olescha's first prose work, was filmed in 1966 by Alexei Batalow .

In 1927 another well-known novel by Olescha was printed in the magazine Krasnaya Now with envy ( Зависть ) . The two main characters in the book symbolically represent the old (pre-revolutionary) and the new Soviet society, with Olescha trying to embody himself in the figure of the “old” intelligentsia Kawalerow. Because of the social criticism to be read out there, Neid brought the author sometimes negative criticism in the press, and in 1936 the publication of large parts of Olescha's work was officially prohibited, which only changed with the de-Stalinization from 1956.

In 1930 Olescha wrote a play called the List of Charities ( Список благодеяний ), which he intended to stage on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater in collaboration with director Meyerhold . A year later, however, the play was banned by the censors and could not be performed due to suspicion of passages critical of the regime. In 1934 Olescha wrote another stage play, which however remained unfinished. Since then he has not written anything except for diary entries. In the last years of his life he became increasingly addicted to alcohol and died of a heart attack in Moscow in 1960. His grave is in the Moscow Cemetery of the New Maiden Convent .

Olescha had been married to Olga Suok, daughter of an Austrian-born Odessite, since 1922. He also dedicated the book The Three Dickwänste to her , in which he also named a female main character Suok .

Works

  • The three fat guys. Children's novel (1924). Raduga-Verlag, Moscow 1987, ISBN 5-05-001333-X .
  • Envy. Novel (1927). 2nd edition Suhrkamp, ​​Frankfurt / M. 1978, ISBN 3-518-01127-8 .
  • Four cherry stones. Narratives . Langewiesche-Brandt, Ebenhausen b. Munich 1964.
  • Liompa. Stories, plays, records . Reclam, Leipzig 1978.

See also

Web links

Commons : Yury Olesha  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files