Jurreru

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Jurreru
జుర్రేరు
Data
location Andhra Pradesh ( India )
River system Pennar
Drain over Kunderu  → Pennar  → Bay of Bengal
Headwaters Erramala
muzzle Kunderu coordinates: 15 ° 14 ′ 21 ″  N , 78 ° 19 ′ 55 ″  E 15 ° 14 ′ 21 ″  N , 78 ° 19 ′ 55 ″  E

length 72 km
Small towns Banganapalle
Communities Jwalapuram

The Jurreru ( Telugu జుర్రేరు ) is a river in the Kurnool district in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is known because a large number of Stone Age finds were made in its sediment deposits . A thick layer of ash is an indication of the Toba catastrophe theory .

geography

The catchment area of ​​the Jurreru belongs to the eastern Deccan . The area slopes continuously to the east from the Erramalas range of hills . The river has its source in the Erramalas, near the Rāmpur pass . The range of hills flanks the river as it runs from west to east and separates it from the basin of Krishna in the north, while they accompany it to the mouth of the Kunderu , which belongs to the basin of the Pennar . In its course, the Jurreru flows past Banganapalle . It has a length of 72 km.

Until the 1910s, the area belonged to the independent state of Banganapalle , which was ruled by a Nawab (Khan).

Geology
The bedrock that is exposed in some places in the river valley belongs to the Cuddapah Formation , mainly argillites, with larger islands of the Cheyyar Formation. On the slopes of the valley there are some caves that have probably been inhabited since the Stone Age, and microliths have been preserved in the rubble of the river bed .

archeology

Significant archaeological excavations have been carried out at Jwalapuram on the Jurreru. The finds in the caves in the valley slope and rich microlithic finds in the river bed suggest a continuous settlement despite several meters of ash layers from the Toba eruption . Although no human fossils have been found so far, the excavations play an important role in the discussion of the Toba catastrophe theory.

literature

  • W. Francis: Gazetteer of South India . Volume 1. Mittal Publications, 1988, p. 471. books.google.de
  • Michael Petraglia, Christopher Clarkson, Nicole Boivin, Michael Haslam, Ravi Korisettar, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Peter Ditchfield, Dorian Fuller, Hannah James, Sacha Jones, Toomas Kivisild, Jinu Koshy, Marta Mirazón Lahr, Mait Metspalu, Richard Roberts, Lee Arnold: Population increase and environmental deterioration correspond with microlithic innovations in South Asia approx. 35,000 years ago . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), pnas.org (PDF)
  • Vicki Cummings, Peter Jordan, Marek Zvelebil: The Oxford Handbook of the Archeology and Anthropology of Hunter-Gatherers (Oxford Handbooks). OUP, Oxford 2014, ISBN 0-19-102527-5 , 9780191025273
  • Samir S. Patel: Paleolithic Tools, Jwalapuram Valley, India . In: Archeology , 61 (1), January / February 2008, archeology.org )

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ W. Francis: Gazetteer of South India . Pp. 472-474.
  2. ↑ Cummings, Jordan, Zvelebil: The Oxford Handbook of the Archeology . Pp. 333-335.