KS-1 (anti-aircraft missile system)

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KS-1 / HQ-12

HQ-12 launch vehicle in 2013
HQ-12 launch vehicle in 2013

General Information
Type Surface-to-air guided missile system
Local name HQ-12
Country of origin China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China People's Republic of China
Manufacturer China Jiangnan Space Industry Company Group
development 1980s
Commissioning 1990s
Working time in service
Technical specifications
length 5644 mm
diameter 400 mm
span 1.2 m

First stage drive
Solid rocket engine
speed ~ 750 m / s
Range 42 km - 50 km
Service ceiling 300 - 27,000 m
Furnishing
steering INS , data link
Target location semi-active radar target search ( SARH )
Warhead 100 kg
Detonator Impact and proximity fuses
Weapon platforms vehicles
Mass (rocket)

886 kg

Lists on the subject

The KS-1 or HQ-12 ( Chinese  凱 山 一號 防空 飛彈 , Pinyin Kai Shan -1 , in German: Rote Fahne -12 [HQ-12] or Roter Berg -1 [KS-1]) is one of the People's Republic of China developed medium-range anti-aircraft missile system with solid propulsion and radar-based target acquisition. The system is used to defend against combat aircraft , attack helicopters and cruise missiles . It was developed in the 1980s and was exported to various countries.

Development history

Development work on the KS-1 system was started by the Chinese group China Jiangnan Space Industry Co. (also known as Base 061 ) in the 1980s to replace the aging HQ-2 and HQ-61 systems. The first successful test of the KS-1 allegedly took place in 1989 and the KS-1 was first presented to the public in 1991 at the Paris Air Show. The development of the KS-1 was completed in 1994, but an introduction to the People's Army or exports did not take place at first. The improved versions KS-1A and HQ-12 were finally introduced to the air force and army of the People's Republic of China at the end of the 1990s, and the first foreign sales of various modernized versions took place in the 2000s / 2010s.

technology

rocket

Similar to the surface-to-air missiles of the older HQ-61 system, the KS-1 missiles are single-stage. The missile's fuselage diameter is 400 mm and the wingspan is 1.2 meters. The takeoff weight is 886 kg with a total length of 5.644 meters. At low altitudes, the guided weapons should be able to carry out flight maneuvers with a maximum lateral load of up to 18  g . With increasing altitude, the load limit drops to a single-digit g range. The missile is equipped with a 100 kg warhead. The maximum achievable speed is 750 to 1200 m / s, depending on the version. The maximum range for the KS-1C version is 70 km. Two missiles can be transported and launched per launcher. Before take-off, the launch pad must be inclined at an angle of 40 ° to 70 °. The most modern version, HQ-22 (FK-3), is outwardly significantly different from the previous versions. Four instead of two missiles can be carried per launcher, and the anti-aircraft missiles are in cylindrical launchers.

Radars

Phased Array Search Radar H-200
  • SJ-202 (Gin Sling A): In the first version KS-1 the search radar SJ-202 was used, which was also used by the HQ-2 system and is essentially a copy of the Soviet search radar SNR-75. The radar is located on a trailer or is permanently installed. The SJ-202 is the first Chinese 3D phased array radar with a range of up to 115 km. The radar works in G-band and can track six missiles to combat three to six targets.
  • H-200: The H-200 phased array radar has been listed as the primary radar component of the KS-1A system since 2007. This phased array antenna is externally similar to the US MPQ-53 radar of the Patriot system and the Russian 30N6 radar and is either stationary or mounted on a trailer.
  • HT-233, SJ-231: The SJ-231 is a radar for the KS-1A / HQ-12 system based on the HT-233 PESA radar antenna. The published power values ​​are practically identical to those of the H-200 radar. In contrast to the towed H-200, the SJ-231 / HT-233 radar is mounted on an all-terrain 6 × 6 or 8 × 8 truck.

variants

KS-1A launch vehicle based on a TA5270A

Various variants of the KS-1 are known to date:

  • KS-1: In the first version the search radar SJ-202, which was also used by the HQ-2 system and is essentially a copy of the Soviet search radar SNR-75. Two missiles could be steered simultaneously into the air target. The maximum fighting range was 40 km. The rocket was launched from fixed launch pads similar to those of the HQ-2 system.
  • KS-1A: Increase the range to 50 km and the service ceiling to 24 km. From this version onwards, the KS-1 is a fully mobile air defense system, all components are mounted on off-road trucks. A KS-1A battery consisted of a search radar, four launch vehicles with two missiles each, reloading vehicles, a command post and power supply vehicles with generators.
  • KS-1C: The KS-1C was developed by the China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC) and is the improved version of the KS-1A. It has an increased range of 70 km (previously 50 km) and an increased operating altitude of 27 km (previously 24 km).
  • HQ-12: A derivative of the KS series that uses the SJ-202/212 radar.
  • HQ-22 (export designation FK-3 ): The HQ-22 is China's newest generation of medium-range anti-aircraft missile system. It is a variant of the HQ-12 and has a range of up to 170 km and an effective combat height of 50 m to 27 km. It is cheaper compared to the HQ-9 system and will form one of the pillars of the Chinese air defense system and is intended to replace all older systems in the medium term. In this version, the anti-aircraft missiles are in cylindrical tubes from which the launch takes place. Four such containers are transported and started on an 8 × 8 truck.

Users

interested persons
  • SerbiaSerbia Serbia : In 2018, the Serbian government announced that it was interested in buying three FK-3 batteries with a total volume of 200 million US dollars. Government circles stated in the Serbian media that three batteries of this system were sufficient to effectively protect the entire national territory from air attacks. The delivery has not yet taken place, negotiations about the export are ongoing. Serbia would be the first export customer of the FK-3 version.

literature

Web links

Commons : KS-1  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Dr. Carlo Kopp (AFAIAA, SMIEEE, PEng): CPMIEC PLA Area Defense Missile Systems (English)
  2. ↑ a b c d HongQi 12 (KaiShan 1) Surface-to-Air Missile System (English)
  3. ↑ Tony Cullen & Christopher F. Foss: Jane's Land-based Air-Defense, Edition 2000-2001. 2001, p. 265.
  4. ↑ KS-1A MR-SAM Scores First Export Success (English)
  5. ↑ China to show latest generation of surface-to-air missile weapon system FK-3 at DSA 2014 (English)
  6. ↑ CNPIPC / CEIEC H-200 KS-1A / HQ-12 Phased Array / Triumphant Mountain (English)
  7. ↑ CASIC SJ-231 / KS-1A / HQ-12 Phased Array Radar (English)
  8. ↑ GlobalSecurity.org: Kaishan 1 / KS-1 / HQ-12 (English)
  9. ↑ Thai Army Boosts Air Defense Missile Capability (English)
  10. ^ Roger Cliff: China's Military Power: Assessing Current and Future Capabilities. Cambridge University Press. September 15, 2015. p. 100.
  11. ↑ a b c SIPRI - Trade Registers China (English)
  12. ↑ Myanmar Receive First Batch SAM missiles HQ-12 / KS-1A (English)
  13. ↑ a b c OTKRIVAMO Vučić tražio od Kine tri moćna raketna sistema FK-3 (Serbian)