Kabayama Sukenori

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Kabayama Sukenori.

Hakushaku Kabayama Sukenori ( Japanese 樺 山 資 紀 ; * December 9, 1837 in Satsuma-han , Japan ; † February 8, 1922 in Tokyo ), sometimes also called Kabayama Motonori , was a major general of the Imperial Japanese Army , admiral of the Imperial Japanese Navy as well Politician.

Life

Kagayama Sukenori was established in December 1837 in a samurai family of Satsuma-han , today's Kagoshima prefecture born. During the bombardment of the city of Kagoshima by British ships in August 1863, he was there and took part in the fighting on the side of the Satsuma fighters. Later he fought in the Boshin War on the side of the troops loyal to the emperor. In 1871 he joined the Imperial Japanese Army with the rank of major. He took part in the Japanese punitive expedition to Taiwan in 1874 and was part of the crew of Kumamoto Castle during the Satsuma rebellionand helped to defend them against the fighters of his homeland. He then rose through the ranks, became Chief of the Imperial Staff , Superintendent General of the Tokyo Police and finally Major General of the Army.

In 1883 he moved to the Navy, where he received the rank of rear admiral and the title of shishaku according to the Japanese nobility system of kazoku. The following year he was promoted to Vice Admiral . In 1886 he became Deputy Secretary of the Navy and went from September 25, 1887 to October 19, 1888 on a journey through the United States and Europe. He served in various posts before being appointed Minister of the Navy on May 17, 1897 in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Yamagata Aritomo . He also held this post in the first cabinet of Yamagata's successor Matsukata Masayoshi until its dissolution on August 8, 1892. During his tenure, he gave the famous speech Ban'yu Enzetsu , in which he opposed representative democracy and civil influence on the government pronounced. After the end of his tenure as Minister of the Navy, he retired.

During the First Sino-Japanese War he was recalled to active duty and became chief of the Admiralty . He took part in the sea ​​battle at Yalu and the battle of Weihaiwei . During the sea battle on Yalu, he ordered his flagship, the only lightly armed transport ship Seikyō Maru , to attack the Chinese fleet as well. He led the Japanese invasion of Taiwan and was promoted to full admiral and first governor general of Taiwan after the island was conquered and ceded to China on May 10, 1895 . He was given the task of establishing a seat of government for the colonial government in Taihoku . On August 5th of the same year he was raised to the rank of Hakushaku and was awarded the Order of the Rising Sun 1st class.

During Kabayama's 13-month tenure as governor general, there were repeated uprisings despite efforts to stabilize Japanese rule over the island. Approximately 2,800 Taiwanese were killed in reprisals by the Japanese. In June 1896 he was replaced at his post by Army General Katsura Taro . After returning to Japan, Kabayama served in succession in the Privy Council , as Minister of Internal Affairs in the second Matsukata cabinet and as minister of culture in the second Yamagata cabinet. In 1910 he retired from military service and retired into private life. He died on February 8, 1922. His grave is in Somei Reien Cemetery in Sugamo , Tokyo.

literature

  • Leo TS Ching: Becoming Japanese. Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation. University of California Press, Berkeley 2001, ISBN 0-520-22553-8 .
  • Donald Keene: Emperor Of Japan. Meiji And His World, 1852-1912. Columbia University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-231-12341-8 .
  • SCM Paine: The Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895. Perception, Power, and Primacy. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts 2001, ISBN 0-521-61745-6 .
  • Richard Sims: French Policy Towards the Bakufu and Meiji Japan 1854-1894. Routledge Curzon, 1998, ISBN 1-873410-61-1 .

Web links

Commons : Kabayama Sukenori  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ SCM Paine: The Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895. Perception, Power, and Primacy. 2001.
  2. ↑ Leo TS Ching: Becoming Japanese. Colonial Taiwan and the Politics of Identity Formation. 2001.
Japanese name: As is common in Japan, the family name comes before the first name in this article . Thus, Kabayama is the family name, Sukenori the first name.
personal data
SURNAME Kabayama, Sukenori
ALTERNATIVE NAMES 樺 山 資 紀 (Japanese); Kabayama Motonori
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Japanese admiral, major general and politician
DATE OF BIRTH December 9, 1837
PLACE OF BIRTH Satsuma-han
DATE OF DEATH February 8, 1922
Place of death Tokyo