Kadazan

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Kadazan
Sabah Skulls.jpg
Kadazan skull house in Penampang
Settlement area: Sabah
Number: approx. 570,000
Language: Kadazan

The Kadazan are an indigenous ethnic group from the Malaysian state of Sabah on the island of Borneo . Because of the similarities in culture and language with the Dusun , the common class of the Kadazan-Dusun was created, which represents the largest ethnic group of the peoples of Sabah with approx. 570,000 members.

Kadazan term in ethnology

Rutter establishes the connection between the Kadazan and the Dusun asearly as 1929:

"The Dusun usually describe himself generically as a tulun tindal (landsman) or, on the West Coast, particularly at Papar, as a Kadazan."

"The Dusun usually describes himself as a tulun tindal (country dweller) or, on the west coast, especially with papar, as a Kadazan"

- RUTTER, The Pagans of North Borneo

The view that the Kadazan merely represent a conceptual subdivision of the umbrella term Dusun is also reflected in modern anthropological literature.

The term Dusun is evidently a Malay-derived term, which the coastal inhabitants used to describe the agricultural population in the interior and which had a derogatory aftertaste, as it was associated with a backward, uncouth rural population. While the Dusun were originally longhouse residents, some Dusun tribes gave up this type of habitation; they began in the western coastal areas and the highland plains with wet rice cultivation and animal husbandry and in the hill regions around the Mount Kinabalu with the shifting cultivation . These groups, originally classified as Dusun , include some subgroups such as the Kadazan, Rungus, Ranau and Tambunan, which differ in their social and cultural characteristics.

Kadazan term today

While the term Kadazan originally had a purely ethnological meaning, it is now increasingly used from a political point of view to provide a religious classification between the various indigenous groups, who are predominantly Christian or animist, and the predominantly Islamic Malay and Islam to establish other indigenous groups. This is also reflected in the design of the official population statistics for Malaysia, in which the group of Bumiputera is divided into Malay, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau and Murut.

Customs

The Kadazan of the coastal plains have a tradition of erecting stone monuments, possibly as a memorial stone or as a boundary marker. The Kadazan customs were shared with other ethnic groups in Borneo, such as burial in clay jugs, headhunting , creating skull houses and tattooing .

Kadazan Dusun Conflict

The mutual rivalries between the Kadazan and the Dusun from the middle of the 20th century and the resulting politicization hindered and weakened the growth and development of the ethnic groups in socio-cultural, economic and political terms in the 1960s. To solve the identity crisis, the name Kadazan-Dusun was created at the 5th delegates' conference of the Kadazan Cultural Association (KCA) on November 4th and 5th, 1989 .

Political networking

Through close personal ties and the formation of interest groups such as the KCA cultural community, the Kadazan have generally achieved a high degree of networking among themselves and in politics. This is reflected in the political parties Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS) and United Pasokmomogun Kadazan-Dusun Organization (UPKO) , both dominated by Kadazan and part of the Barisan Nasional , the ruling coalition in the Malaysian parliament. The UPKO set up the government of Sabah from 1963 to 1967 under Tun Fuad Stephens . From 1985 to 1994 Joseph Pairin Kitingan was Prime Minister of Sabah for the PBS ; Today he is the highest representative of the Kadazan-Dusun cultural community. From 1998 to 1999 Bernard Giluk Dompok ruled the state from the UPKO.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Census 2010 ( Memento of the original from November 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 7.1 MB), page 71  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistics.gov.my
  2. Owen Rutter: The Paganas Of North Borneo ; Hutchinson & Co, London, 1929, 31
  3. a b c King, Victor T .: The Peoples of Borneo ; Blackwell Publishers, Oxford, 1993, ISBN 0-631-17221-1 ; Pp. 55-57
  4. ^ Appell, George N .: Ethnographic Profiles of the Dusun-speaking Peoples of Sabah, Malaysia ; Journal of the Malaysian Branch Royal Asiatic Society; Issue 41; Pp. 131-147
  5. ^ Appell, George N .: The Status of Social-Anthropological Research in Borneo ; Southeast Asia Program Data Paper 109, Ithaca: Cornell University, 1978
  6. Kadazans in Malaysia ( Memento of the original from January 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed May 10, 2012 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / kdca.org.my
  7. Census 2010 ( Memento of the original from November 13, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 7.1 MB), page 92  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.statistics.gov.my
  8. Assessment for Kadazans in Malaysia ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ; Accessed May 10, 2012  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cidcm.umd.edu

Remarks

  1. ^ Total number of Dusun and Kadazan
  2. The KCA was later renamed KDCA - Kadazan-Dusun Cultural Association .