Kalisch Cadet House
The Kadettenhaus (since 1807 cadet corps ; Polish Korpus kadetów , Russian Кадетский корпус ) was an educational institution in Kalisch (Kalisz) in today's Poland from 1793/95 to 1832. It was first under Prussian, from 1807 under Polish and from 1815 under Russian administration.
history
In 1793 a cadet house was founded in Kalisch. The city had come to the Kingdom of Prussia shortly after the Second Partition of Poland . It was the fourth cadet school in Prussia after those in Berlin , Stolpe and Culm . It was established in the city's former Jesuit college. In 1795 the first 20 students came. After building extensions, the originally planned number of 100 cadets was reached in 1797/99 . In 1804 it was 125, in 1806 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, around 80.
In 1807 the school and the city passed to the Polish Duchy of Warsaw . The 25 German students were relocated to Berlin.
Since 1815, the Cadet Corps belonged to Congress Poland , which was attached to the Russian Empire . It was incorporated into the structures of the Russian army . In 1825 the number of cadets was increased to 200.
In the November 1830/31 Polish uprising against the Russian state power, at least 50 Kalischer cadets took part. Therefore the institution was closed in 1832. Most of the students were moved to St. Petersburg and Moscow.
The buildings were then used as a military administration building for a long time. Today there is a department of the administration of the Greater Poland Voivodeship in the main wing. A cultural center ( Centrum Kultury i Sztuki ) is housed in the former Orthodox chapel from 1825 .
Structures
Prussian period 1793–1806
The cadet school was supposed to prepare sons of the Polish nobility of the area ( South Prussia ) for service in the Prussian army . Since there was not enough willingness to do so, some were forcibly recruited. The admission age was between eight and ten years.
There were two classes. In the lower one, the boys were supposed to learn the basics of reading, writing, arithmetic, religion and the German language, in the second there were lessons in history, geography, French and dancing. There was a teacher ( court master , informator ) for about eight students who taught them in almost all subjects; there were teachers for languages and dancing. The informator was also responsible for his group in everyday life, controlled the processes, accompanied them on walks and in the evening, and held joint services on Sundays.
After the time was up, the boys mostly went to the cadet corps in Berlin, where they were introduced to the basics of military training.
Polish and Russian period 1807–1832
From 1807, the content and modalities changed. The admission age was now between 10 and 16 years and more pre-military elements were included in the training.
Personalities
ladder
- Major Wilhelm Georg von Schack , first director 1793–1798
literature
- Adolf Friedrich Johannes von Crousaz: History of the Royal Prussian Cadet Corps. Berlin 1857. pp. 182-184, and ö.
- Karl-Hermann Freiherr von Brand, Helmut Eckert: Cadets. From three centuries of German cadet corps . Volume 1. Munich 1981.
Web links
- History of the cadet school Info Kalisz, detailed with photos (Polish)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Crousaz: History of the Royal Prussian Cadet Corps. Berlin 1857. p. 264; most of the Polish students probably stayed
- ↑ History of the Cadet Corps in Kalisch Antologifo, from 1815 onwards (Russian)
- ↑ Adolf Friedrich Johannes von Crousaz: History of the Royal Prussian Cadet Corps. Berlin 1857. p. 186