Clear cutting
In forestry, a clear cut or clear cut is the planned felling (" cutting ") of all mature trees in a certain forest area. The trees are felled in a single operation or in a few, very quickly successive cuts. If individual trees ( hoppers ) are left standing, this does not change the clear-cutting character.
Clear-cutting with subsequent reforestation is one possibility of wood harvesting . With this type of forest use, trees are felled that have jointly reached their planned final age ( end use of the tree population). However, clear cuts also take place for the purpose of permanent deforestation and are then also referred to as clearing . One also speaks of deforestation , both when harvesting wood and in the case of deforestation.
Also, the resulting free area is as clear cut referred analogous to the more general term impact for a forest area, are precipitated in the trees or have been precipitated. Of bald areas occurs when larger tree-free surfaces by malicious events such as hurricanes or insects - calamities (eg, by. Bark beetles emerge).
Benefits
The operational effort is lower than with individual master management (cases in / removal through the stock).
Light tree species that need a lot of light in their youth, such as oak , pine , birch , larch , etc., are dependent on such conditions for rejuvenation.
With regard to the species composition, the clear cut flora is quite interesting, as many pioneer species occur corresponding to the early succession stage .
Problems
With regard to the soil ecology , clearcuts are disadvantageous. The resulting open space is no longer shaded by the surrounding trees, and the forest-typical indoor climate is lost. The sudden increased heat radiation that is humus -circulation mineralized faster (than the New Flora afforestation , grasses, herbs) capable to use them. This leads to the leaching of nutrients such as nitrogen in the form of nitrate . If nitrogen compounds get into the groundwater , isolated problems with drinking water can arise. In addition, clearcuts become waterlogged if, due to a lack of interception, more water is supplied to the soil than drains, seeps away or is consumed by the vegetation. Clear cuts increase the risk of soil erosion , especially in mountainous and sloping areas; In contrast to this, we know the conscious planting of protective forests in areas prone to erosion and landslide .
The nature conservation practice of eliminating alien tree species by clear cutting to compensate for interventions is to be assessed negatively from an ecological point of view from a forestry standpoint.
Legal
In different countries, bald cuts are subject to the respective legal requirements. In the Federal Republic of Germany , general requirements are contained in the Federal Nature Conservation Act and further requirements in the respective state forest laws of the federal states . So are z. B. in Lower Saxony (NWaldLG, § 12) and Baden-Württemberg (LWaldG, § 15) clear cuts of over one hectare area require approval.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Duden online: clearcutting (meaning 1) and clear-cutting
- ↑ Clear cutting in the glossary at waldbesitzerportal.de
- ↑ Duden online: Clear-cutting (meaning 2)
- ↑ Peter Burschel , Jürgen Huss : Ground plan of the silviculture. A guide for study and practice (= Pareys study texts. 49). 2nd, revised and expanded edition. Parey, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-8263-3045-5 , p. 106.
- ↑ Duden online: Schlag (meaning 6 b)
- ↑ Soil erosion .
- ↑ Eduspace DE - Global Changes - Mountain Ecosystems . May 27, 2013.
- ↑ Nature: Protection against erosion . November 25, 2011.