Emperor Bear
| Emperor Bear | ||||||||||||
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Emperor Bear ( Phragmatobia luctifera ) |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Phragmatobia luctifera | ||||||||||||
| ( Denis & Schiffermüller , 1775) |
The emperor bear or mourning bear ( Phragmatobia luctifera ) is a butterfly ( moth ) from the subfamily of the bear moth (Arctiinae).
features
The moths reach a wingspan of 35 to 40 millimeters. Their forewings are black. Their hind wings are too, only the inner side has a narrow orange stripe. The fur around the head and the same are also black. The body is orange or yellow and has black dots running down the back.
The caterpillars are also black and have an orange-red topline.
Occurrence
They occur in dry summer areas of Central , Eastern and Southern Europe . They live on sunny and dry rocky slopes, on rough grass , sandy soils and fallow fields, but also in light forests and parks.
Danger
In Hessen, the emperor bear is considered to be directly threatened with extinction. In Saxony it is considered seriously threatened. The emperor bear is one of the 69 butterflies in Bavaria that are acutely endangered. It is also on the Thuringian Red List. On the red list of the Federal Environment Agency Germany it is listed as endangered with a 20% probability of extinction.
Food of the caterpillars
The caterpillars feed polyphagously on a variety of different shrubs and herbaceous plants such as B .:
- Blackberries ( Rubus spec. ) Such as B. Dewberry ( Rubus caesius ) and Blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus )
- Report ( Atriplex spec. )
- Raublattgewächse such. B. ( Cynoglossum spec. )
- Ribwort plantain ( Plantago lanceolata )
Under breeding conditions, they also eat dandelions ( Taraxacum spec. ). They overwinter as a doll.
swell
Individual evidence
- ^ Hessian Ministry for the Environment, Agriculture and Forests: Red List of Spinners and Swarmers of Hesse . First version, status: November 23, 1998 (PDF).
- ^ Free State of Saxony: Red List of enthusiasts . 2001 (PDF).
- ↑ Werner Wolf, Hermann Hacker: Red List of Endangered Moths (Lepidoptera: Sphinges, Bombyces, Noctuidae, Geometridae) Bavaria 2003 (PDF).
- ↑ Red List of Spinners and Enthusiasts in Thuringia 3rd version, as of May 2011 (PDF).
- ^ Red List - Federal Environment Agency 2007 (Word document).
literature
- Heiko Bellmann : The new Kosmos butterfly guide. Butterflies, caterpillars and forage plants. Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-440-09330-1 .
Web links
- www.lepiforum.de Taxonomy and photos
- Phragmatobia luctifera in Fauna Europaea