Kampanje

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The Kampanje (English companion ), also Kampanjedeck , in the literature also called hut deck , was one of the decks on larger sailing ships and referred to a structure on the rear upper deck of the ship .

The Kampanje (center) of a galleon (ship model), above the poop deck

Word origin

The Dutch word Kampanje , which was taken over as a loan word in the German seaman's language, is derived from the old French word compagnie (= cooperative) and is related to the German "company" (infantry unit or previously trading company). It was a cabin for high society on board.

definition

In the relevant literature, the Kampanje is usually defined as the deck above the hut, sometimes even referred to as the hut itself.

In earlier times it was built on ships of the line and large frigates.

The Kampanje was mainly used for astronomical observations and was characterized by its very thin deck beams and planks. It was delimited by the Kampanjebogen (= a railing), at the outer ends of which small stairs led to the quarter deck or the jump . On some ships the Kampanjedeck was equipped with cannons of lighter caliber. However, since this caused the ship's center of gravity to move upwards and thus the rolling movements of the entire ship in the water were favored, no real increase in firepower could be achieved as a result of this, as not only the accuracy of hits but also the seaworthiness in general suffered on a strongly rolling ship. So, instead of cannons, they finally moved to placing marines with muskets in the appropriate place to fight enemies.

The Kampanje (at the rear) covers the ship's steering wheel and is also a weather-protected access to the officers' quarters and the captain's cabin

The length of the Kampanje was mostly limited by the location of the mizzen mast . So on a 70 cannon ship it reached up to about eighteen inches from the mizzen mast and extended in the opposite direction to half-board. Another characteristic of the Kampanje was that she always rose a little towards the aft .

As a rule, the captain's hut (= living quarters) was located under the Kampanje . The officers' quarters were located in front of the hut on both sides. The Kampanje formed a canopy between the captain's and ship's officer's cabins and thus also provided (weather) protection when leaving the area of ​​the quarters. The ship's steering wheel was often located under this roof . On (quoted) “the largest ships of all” there could be an attachment above the Kampanje, which was called the upper hut .

Notes, evidence

  1. ^ To Parashkevov
  2. ↑ At the time of the colonization or expansion of European states towards other continents, it was not uncommon for the captain and his officers to also carry the (senior) merchants and high-ranking passengers on the ships and the relatively spacious and comfortable quarters at the rear Part of the ship claimed. See also Dutch East India Company
  3. ↑ a b after Bobrik
  4. ↑ to Hirtenfeld
  5. ↑ a b after Martini
  6. ↑ to Bohnstedt
  7. ↑ here mostly in connection with subject indexes for which no exhaustive explanation is given
  8. ↑ Large or heavy frigates of the early modern period were often double-deckers
  9. ↑ a b to Krünitz, Flörke, Flörke, Korth
  10. ↑ a b c after Hirtenfeld and Meynert
  11. ↑ according to Martini: a covered space on the rear end of the half canopy, which was 1/12 to 1/20 the length of the ship

literature

  • Dr. Johann Georg Krünitz, Heinrich Gustav Flörke, Friedrich Jakob Flörke, Johann Wilhelm David Korth: Oeconomische Encyclopädie or General System of State, City, House and Agriculture and Art History in alphabetical order , Volume 143, S 269 ff., Prussian bookshop, Berlin, 1826.
  • Dr. Eduard Bobrik: General nautical dictionary, with explanations: German, English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, Swedish, Danish, Dutch , Verlagsbureau Leipzig, 1850
  • Dr. Anton Benedikt Reichenbach: Newest orbis pictus; or: The visible world in pictures: a universal picture book, Volume 1, pp. 495ff., Baumgätners Buchhandlung, Leipzig, 1854
  • Fr. Leop Martini: Die Wissenschaft des Seekrieges: According to their latest views and main moments presented by Fr. Leop Martini , p. 30 ff., Vienna and Krems, publisher: B. Ph. Bauer, 1823.
  • Professor Bohnstedt: Practical Shipbuilding (1907) , p. 13, Salzwasser Verlag, Bremen, 1st edition 2010.
  • Hut . In: Oesterreichisches Militär-Konversations-Lexikon . Edited and edited by Jaromir Hirtenfeld , Volume 3, p. 283, property of the editor, Vienna, 1852. ( Digitized in the Google book search)
  • Boris Parashkewow: Words and names of the same origin and structure: Lexicon of etymological duplicates in German