Upper deck

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The upper deck (in front) and the camp deck ( aft) on a galleon are upper decks. (Picture shows a model ship)
The upper deck of the Jylland screw frigate from 1856, equipped with cannons
Upper deck of the Gorch Fock at the Blücherbrücke in Kiel (1968)
View of the upper deck of a partially loaded container ship
View of the upper deck of a bulk carrier

An upper deck is a specific deck of a ship or aircraft.

shipping

Since the designation can vary depending on the type of ship, a general definition of an upper deck can be as follows:

"Upper deck describes a horizontal surface that closes off the interior of a ship's hull at the top"

A more specific definition is:

"The upper deck is the top of all continuous decks, that is, the whole ship (watertight) closing."

Official definition:

"Upper deck is the uppermost complete , the weather and sea exposed deck that independent institutions have to close all the weather-exposed openings. Openings below the deck must be provided with watertight closures. "

In ship surveying , the term upper deck is only used indirectly:

"If, in this sense, the upper deck is the top deck of a ship that runs through its entire length, it is considered the main deck ."

The main deck is used in ship surveying as a survey deck or freeboard deck , from which the vertical distance to the water line, the freeboard , is measured.

From a shipbuilding perspective, the upper deck is also the belt deck if it forms the upper belt of the effective longitudinal structure of the hull .

Another term for the upper deck that is widely used both professionally and colloquially is weather deck .

Dependence of the term definition on the shape of the ship

The naming of decks does not necessarily have to be defined uniformly, as every ship shape has peculiarities that give rise to certain names. For example, an upper deck on a sailing ship is not necessarily identical to an upper deck on a cargo ship or war ship, since the types and shapes of ships can differ fundamentally in their structure and function. Even a deck that is by definition the top continuous deck may have a different - more specific - name, although it would have to be called the upper deck.

example

In the sailing warship age , the individual decks were partially equipped with appropriate armament . A three-decker , so a sailing warship with three weapons leading decks in the ship's hull , had five superimposed decks: lower deck , on the lower gun deck , middle gun deck, upper gun deck and the upper deck .

On warships around 1900, the decks were designated as follows: platform deck, second intermediate deck , first intermediate deck (or battery deck if it was carrying guns), upper deck , first superstructure deck, second superstructure deck. Depending on the armor, there could be a fragment deck , protective deck or platform deck between the second intermediate deck and the first intermediate deck .

However, peculiar names depending on the type of ship were used, for example, on sailing ships of the merchant navy before 1900. These usually had only one deck, namely the upper deck , which between the bowsprit and foremast but as forecastle deck or baking was called. The same upper deck between foremast and main mast was called the Kuhldeck or Kuhl , while the upper deck behind the mainmast was called the aft deck or quarter deck . Galleons had other decks exposed to the "weather and the sea", such as the hut deck (also known as the poop deck ), the campanjedeck or the half deck .

The upper deck of a steamship or modern diesel-powered ship, which by definition is no longer the top continuous deck due to the many superstructures , is therefore referred to as the main deck . These ships can have three more decks below the main deck ( orlop deck , lower deck, tween deck) and even four more decks above the main deck (bridge deck, promenade deck , upper promenade deck or sundeck, boat deck).

Other special cases:

  • On armored ships , the outer decks are parts of the upper deck outside of the superstructures.
  • On some ships, the arched rear end of the upper deck is called the turtle deck .
  • The low parts of the upper deck on warships in front of the forward and aft turrets are called the weather deck .
  • On a smooth deck corvette , the upper deck without superstructures is called the smooth deck .

aviation

Airbus A380 with rows of windows from the upper and main deck. The lower deck has no windows

With the construction of wide-body aircraft (multi-deck aircraft ) in the passenger sector such as the Boeing 747 , several decks were constructed in the fuselage for the first time in the 1960s; cargo machines can also have multiple decks. Multi-deck aircraft can have a main deck, an upper deck, and a lower deck. To be above the main deck deck leads the term upper deck ( English upper deck ). The Airbus A380 designed by Airbus also has several decks, the upper one of which has this name.

Remarks

  1. after Meyers
  2. Complete , according to Beckert, Breuer p. 165, is a deck that goes from front to back and from board to board, is an integral part of the ship's construction and is also equipped with hatches that meet certain strength requirements
  3. after Beckert, Breuer
  4. This definition applies analogously to economy, protection, awning, hurricane, storm and shelter deck in the sense of a deck above the main deck.
  5. See-Berufsgenossenschaft, regulations on the freeboard for steamers and sailing ships in the long and Atlantic voyage and in the great coastal voyage , Hamburg, 1908
  6. according to Beckert, Breuer p. 165, the upper deck is the measurement deck only on ships that only have a complete deck. For ships with two or more full decks, the survey deck is the full closest deck below the upper deck.
  7. as defined by Germanischer Lloyd
  8. There is also the fact that definitions can change beyond certain epochs, including in the deck names
  9. The order of counting and explanations in this article is always given from bottom to top

literature

  • Erwin Beckert, Gerhard Breuer: Public maritime law . Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1991
  • Germanischer Lloyd, regulations for the classification and construction of steel seagoing ships . Hamburg 1980
  • Deck . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 4, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, pp. 602–603.
  • Die Grenzboten , Volume 26, Part 4, pp. 383/384, published by Friedrich Ludwig Herbig, Leipzig, 1867
  • Patent application EP 0514650 A1 or patent application DE 4116524 A1

Web links

Wiktionary: Upper deck  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations