Wide-body aircraft

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Swiss Airbus A330
The two largest wide-body aircraft, the Airbus A380 and Boeing 747

A wide-body aircraft ( English wide-body , literally translated 'wide fuselage', or twin-aisle 'two aisles') is a commercial aircraft with a fuselage of more than five meters and at least two aisles in the passenger cabin , which can also have a second level. In these properties they differ from narrow-body aircraft .

There is a duopoly of the manufacturers Boeing and Airbus in the production of wide-body aircraft .

Development history

Cross-section through the widebody fuselage of the A300

The first wide-body aircraft were the Boeing 747 , the McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and the Lockheed L-1011 TriStar . Later came the first aircraft of the European manufacturer Airbus - and also the first twin-engine wide-body aircraft - the A300 to market, thus establishing a first rival bid against the US dominance. With the Ilyushin Il-86 , the first Soviet wide-body aircraft was developed to meet the expected growth in air traffic. In addition to these, the family of wide-body aircraft today includes the Boeing 767 , Boeing 777 , Boeing 787 , McDonnell Douglas MD-11 , the types A310 , A330 , A340 , A350 and A380 produced by Airbus and the Russian type Ilyushin Il-96 .

advantages

Compared to aircraft with one aisle, such as narrow-body aircraft , the large fuselage diameter offers a number of advantages:

  • The aisle / seat row ratio accelerates boarding and alighting and thus the handling of the machine.
  • The passengers have a much more spacious feeling due to the wide fuselage and the passenger compartment hardly looks like a tube.
  • As the fuselage diameter increases, the volume increases quadratically, but the surface area surrounded by air increases only linearly. This means that the air resistance per passenger is lower, but this is put into perspective by the higher proportion of the two aisles in the cabin width and the poor use of the height of the cabin.
  • The length of the aircraft is less than that of a narrow-body aircraft with the same passenger capacity. This reduces the risk of the tail touching down during take-off or landing (so-called tail strike ). However, this problem persists with wide-body aircraft that are very long (A340-600 or B777-300ER).

disadvantage

  • The passenger capacity of wide-body aircraft cannot be reduced as much as that of aircraft with a conventional fuselage shape, since the fuselage cannot be shortened as much as it would be necessary to do so.
  • Wide-body aircraft can only be used economically on routes with a correspondingly high number of passengers.
  • The middle rows of seats are perceived by many passengers as a restriction of their own comfort, especially on long journeys, due to the lack of a window (natural light, perception of the environment and its effects on the flight, distraction).

Summary

Overall, wide-body aircraft enable higher numbers of passengers with lower transport costs per passenger ( economies of scale ). It was they who made intercontinental air travel affordable for the masses.

Others

  • To date, the Airbus A300 and A310 and the Ilyushin Il-86 are the only wide-body aircraft designed for short and medium- haul flights , all the others belong to the categories of medium and long-haul aircraft .
  • Wide-body aircraft generate strong wake vortices and usually have a maximum take-off weight of over 136 tons. For this wake vortex category , it is mandatory in radio communications with airports to append the note Heavy to the callsign. They also require pilots to have some flying experience. The Emirates airline, for example, requires 4,000 flight hours for a first officer, including 2,000 hours in a multicrew aircraft. In the air freight sector, the requirements are somewhat lower. For example, at Lufthansa Cargo 1,000 hours on jet or turbo-prop planes count as qualifications.
  • The first airline to use two, three and four-engine wide-body aircraft at the same time was Air Siam .

future

Cross-section of the A380 and 747 through areas with upper deck and economy class seating

Due to their significantly higher capacity, wide-body aircraft are more economical than narrow- body aircraft . Wide-body aircraft are used wherever the volume of traffic justifies it. Even wide-body aircraft with only “medium” capacity (but long range) such as the Boeing 767 have a market, as do aircraft with the greatest possible capacity such as the Airbus A380 . Narrow-body aircraft are more likely to be used in feeder traffic, in the medium-haul area with low to medium traffic volumes and by low-cost airlines . In contrast to the 1970s and 1980s when the Airbus A300 and Airbus A310 were built and developed, wide- bodied aircraft are mostly no longer in demand on short and medium-haul routes . As a rule, they are too big for the airlines there, as the passenger volume is usually not enough for these jets to make several rounds per day on one route.

With a very large hull diameter, it is possible to accommodate passengers on two decks. The Boeing 747 started with a small “hump” for the cockpit and a small passenger cabin, and the Airbus A380 completes this with a continuous second deck through the entire fuselage with an almost elliptical cross-section.

Specifications

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model year instinctual
plants 		Maximum
Maximum
take-off weight 		Passenger deck diameter Main passenger level Economy Class:
total seats (total width)
in the configuration on the airline 		image
inside:
main /
upper 		outside:
main
 
Airbus A300 1974 2 171,700 kg 5.28 m 5.64 m 08 places (5.18 m) in 2-4-2 on TG A
0 8 places (5.18 m) in 2-4-2 on LH A 		Airbus A300F4-600R
Airbus A310 1982 2 164,000 kg 5.28 m 5.64 m 08 places (5.30 m) in 2-4-2 on AI A
0 9 places (5.03 m) in 3-3-3 on TS 		Airbus A310-200
Airbus A330 1994 2 233,000 kg 5.28 m 5.64 m 08 places (5.33 m) in 2-4-2 on EK A
0 9 places (5.03 m) in 3-3-3 on D7 		Airbus A330-300
Airbus A340 1993 4th 380,000 kg 5.28 m 5.64 m 08 places (5.27 m wide) in 2-4-2 on EY A Airbus A340-600
Airbus A350 2012 2 316,000 kg 5.59 m 5.94 m 09 places (5.49 m) in 3-3-3 on LH
10 places (5.27 m) in 3-4-3 on TX 		A350-1000
Airbus A380 2007 4th 560,000 kg 6.58 m  /
5.92 m 		7.14 m 10 places (5.67 m) in 3-4-3 on SQ
10 places (5.52 m) in 3-4-3 on QF
10 places (5.49 m) in 3-4-3 on EK
11 places (5.49 m) planned in 3-5-3 		Airbus A380-800
Boeing 747 1970 4th 412,800 kg 6.10 m  /
3.45 m 		6.50 m 10 places (5.39 m) in 3-4-3 on TG
10 places (5.24 m) in 3-4-3 on NW B 		Boeing 747-8I
Boeing 767 1982 2 204,100 kg 4.72 m 5.03 m 07 places (5.49 m) in 2-3-2 on UA
0 7 places (5.18 m) in 2-3-2 on US B 		B767-300
Boeing 777 1995 2 351,500 kg 5.87 m 6.20 m 09 places (5.49 m) in 2-5-2 on UA
0 9 places (5.79 m) in 3-3-3 on SQ
0 9 places (5.03 m) in 2-4-3 on NH
10 places (5.18 m) in 3-4-3 on AF 		B777-300ER
Boeing 787 2010 2 245,000 kg 5.46 m 5.77 m 08 places (5.64 m) in 2-4-2
09 places (5.24 m) in 3-3-3 		Boeing 787-8
Ilyushin Il-86 1980 4th 208,000 kg 5.70 m 6.08 m 09 places (5.49 m) in 3-3-3 Ilyushin Il-86
Ilyushin Il-96 1992 4th 240,000 kg 5.70 m 6.08 m 09 places (5.49 m) in 3-3-3 on SU A Ilyushin Il-96
L1011 Tristar 1972 3 231,300 kg 5.76 m 5.97 m 09 places (5.18 m) in 2-5-2 on SV A Lockheed L-1011 Tristar
MD DC-10 1971 3 259,500 kg 5.69 m 6.02 m 09 places (5.24 m) in 2-5-2 on NW B DC-10
MD MD-11 1990 3 286,000 kg 5.69 m 6.02 m 09 places (5.33 m) in 3-3-3 on KL A MD-11
A. Aircraft type no longer in the airline's fleet
B. Airline no longer exists

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: wide-body aircraft  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Note: Maximum MTOW of the heaviest passenger version, in metric tonnes. Data have been rounded up to nearest tenth of a metric ton. Margin of error should be assumed. Use for comparison only.
  2. ↑ Note: Airlines custom-configure the interior layout as per their objectives. Isle width and armrest width also affect layout but are not shown here.
  3. ↑ Note: Seat-width specifications are not always represented accurately; multiple sources are encouraged, as well as the comparison of multiple airlines. Unexpected widths may be in error and should not be included here.
  4. ↑ a b Note: Original airframe manufacturer source data specified in feet, inches, or meters, without error margin information. Thus, due to rounding and conversion errors, a margin of error of 2 inches should be taken into account. Compare with automotive specifications, currently published to within 2 millimeters. [1] Maximum interior cabin width is measured at chest or eye level when seated, as is usually a few inches wider than the cabin floor.
  5. ↑ a b c A300-600 specifications ( Memento from August 15, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Airbus
  6. ↑ Note: There appears to be a unit conversion error on the Airbus webpage for the A300 OD specifications.is presumed to be correct.
  7. ↑ [2]
  8. ^ TG New Fleet / Seat ( Memento from December 24, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), Thai Airways
  9. ↑ [3] , seatguru.com
  10. ↑ a b c A310 specifications ( Memento from September 3, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Airbus
  11. ↑ Airbus 310-300 page ( Memento from February 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Air India
  12. ↑ [4] , seatguru.com
  13. ↑ a b A330-200 specifications ( Memento of March 4, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), Airbus, accessed on December 9, 2008
  14. ↑ [5]
  15. ↑ Best standard seat on an AirAsia X A330. In: economytraveller.com. January 16, 2017, accessed October 29, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from September 17, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  17. ↑ a b A340-200 specifications ( memento of September 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Airbus
  18. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from November 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), Etihad Airways
  19. ↑ Airbus A350-1000 continues 400 nautical miles. In: aero.de. June 15, 2018, accessed October 29, 2019 .
  20. ↑ a b A350 specifications ( Memento from February 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Airbus
  21. ↑ Note: Possible error on original Airbus webpage, conversion of metric to imperial off by 1 inch on Airbus webpage.
  22. ↑ Lufthansa shows A350 cabin plan. In: Flugrevue.de. November 8, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2019 .
  23. ↑ A Look Inside the First Air Caraïbes Airbus A350, With 3-4-3 in Coach. In: thepointsguy.com. March 2, 2017, accessed October 29, 2019 .
  24. ↑ a b c A380 specifications ( memento of September 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Airbus
  25. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from January 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  26. ↑ [6] , seatguru.com
  27. ↑ [7] , seatguru.com
  28. ↑ [8] , www.aerotelegraph.com
  29. ↑ http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/technical.html Boeing 747 specifications
  30. ↑ Boeing 747 specifications , Boeing 747 airport planning report (PDF; 1.5 MB), Boeing
  31. ↑ Note: Interior width for Boeing 747 main deck shown as or in different Boeing documents.
  32. ↑ http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7474sec2.pdf
  33. ↑ http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7474sec2.pdf
  34. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from July 7, 2009 in the Internet Archive ), Thai Airways
  35. ↑ [9] , NWA
  36. ↑ [10] seatguru.com
  37. ↑ http://www.boeing.com/commercial/767family/pf/pf_400prod.html , Boeing 767-400 Specifications, accessed December 9, 2008
  38. ↑ Boeing 767 specifications , Boeing
  39. ↑ Note: An extensive Internet search did not reveal any original Boeing source for the actual OD of the B767.
  40. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from June 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  41. ↑ [11] , seatguru.com
  42. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from December 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  43. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento from September 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  44. ↑ 777 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning . Boeing. Archived from the original on September 14, 2011. Retrieved on December 8, 2008.
  45. ↑ a b Boeing 777 specifications , Boeing
  46. ↑ Note: Boeing specifications for B777 OD do not convert precisely between inches and metric. Margin of error is unknown based on published Boeing material.
  47. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from June 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
  48. ↑ [12]
  49. ↑ Singapore Airlines Review - Seats, Amenities, Customer Service, Baggage Fees, and More , Upgrade Points
  50. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from March 1, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  51. ↑ [13] , seatguru.com
  52. ↑ Note: Some Air France Boeing 777 aircraft seat 9 seats. See Archivlink ( Memento from February 13, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) for specific aircraft.
  53. ↑ Boeing 787-9 Dreamliner Fact Sheet . Boeing. Retrieved November 23, 2007.
  54. ↑ [14]  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.boeing.com  
  55. ↑ a b c [15]
  56. ↑ http://www.boeing.com/commercial/787family/787-8prod.html Note: some Boeing B787 source material indicates outside diameter, while other Boeing sources indicate
  57. ↑ a b http://www.airlines-inform.com/commercial-aircraft/Il-86.html
  58. ↑ Note: Other references for the Ilyushin Il-86 MTOW ranged between 206 and 215 metric tonnes.
  59. ^ Gunston B , Aircraft of the Soviet Union , Osprey, London, 1984
  60. ^ Gunter Endres: The Illustrated Directory of Modern Commercial Aircraft . Zenith Imprint, 2001. pp. 358. Retrieved January 1, 2011: " ISBN 0-7603-1125-0 , ISBN 978-0-7603-1125-7 "
  61. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from April 19, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
  62. ↑ http://www.flightglobal.com/directory/detail.aspx?aircraftCategory=CommercialAircraft&manufacturerType=CommercialAircraft&navigationItemId=389&aircraftId=42&manufacturer=0&keyword=&searchMode=Manufacturer&units=Metric
  63. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from December 19, 2001 in the Internet Archive )
  64. ↑ http://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Aeroflot_Russian_Airlines/Aeroflot_Russian_Airlines_Ilyushin_IL-96-300_B.php
  65. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from July 24, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) L-1011 Specifications, accessed on December 9, 2008
  66. ↑ a b Jim Upton: Airliner Tech Series Volume 8, LOCKHEED L-1011 TRISTAR , Specialty Press, North Branch, Minnesota, USA (2001, 2002). ISBN 1-58007-037-X , page 54
  67. ↑ Saudi Airlines Seating Configuration , accessed December 9, 2008
  68. ↑ a b c DC-10 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning ( Memento from July 10, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Boeing, accessed on December 9, 2008 (PDF file)
  69. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of December 11, 2008 in the Internet Archive ), eskyguide.com
  70. ↑ Note: Retired from service in 2007.
  71. ↑ a b c McDonnell Douglas: MD-11 Airplane Characteristics for Airport Planning, Report MDC K0388 (PDF; 2.3 MB) 1998. Archived from the original on September 7, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
  72. ↑ [16]
  73. ↑ Archive link ( Memento from January 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (Note: KLM's website does not include seat width information.)