Capuchin monastery in Constance
| Capuchin monastery in Constance | |||
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 The first Capuchin monastery in Constance in quadrant IN ° 16
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| medal | Capuchin | ||
| founding year | 1603 | ||
| Cancellation / year | 1816 | ||
| Start-up | new order | ||
| Patronage | Apostle James the Elder | ||
| location | |||
| country | Germany | ||
| region | Baden-Württemberg | ||
| place | Constancy | ||
| Geographical location | 47 ° 40 ' N , 9 ° 11' E | ||
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| Situation in Germany | |||
The Capuchin Monastery in Constance is an abandoned monastery of the Capuchin Order in the city of Constance . The foundation stone was laid in 1603 on the place where, according to tradition, Jan Hus was burned. Relocated twice in 1638 and 1694, the monastery was closed in 1816 and converted into apartments in 1819. The demolition took place in 1864.
history
founding
As early as 1588, the cathedral chapter tried to enable the Capuchin Order to found a monastery in Constance. Cardinal Andreas of Austria, however, prioritized the establishment of the Jesuit college .
First monastery
On November 8, 1602, Archduke Maximilian agreed to the request of the cathedral provost Jakob Fugger . On April 12, 1603 the foundation stone was laid by Johann Georg von Hallwyl in Paradise at the end of today's Hussengasse, at the point where Hus was burned and the Schindanger was in front of it . The foundation stone contained a gold coin and a silver plaque on which the founding context was engraved. Jakob Fugger was the sole sponsor of the construction of the monastery. The construction management was carried out by Father Seraphin Engel von Altstätten. As early as April 14, 1604, the monastery church was consecrated in honor of the apostle James. Between 1614 and 1615 Markus Roy was trained in the monastery . In 1626, Bishop Jakob Fugger was buried in a Capuchin habit in the monastery church. In anticipation of a renewed Swedish siege, the monastery was laid down in favor of fortifications on February 10, 1638. The Capuchins were temporarily housed in administration buildings.
Second monastery
The second monastery was built in the suburbs near the Emmishofer Tower, at today's Schwedengasse 8. Demolition material from the first monastery was used for the construction. The foundation stone was laid on March 19, 1648. In the following year on October 4, 1649, the new monastery church was consecrated again to the Apostle James. On April 16, 1668, the new Upper Austrian Capuchin Province split off from the Swiss Capuchin Province. It was believed that the Swiss had always been averse to the Austrians. The monastery was built on swampy terrain near the lake. The moisture seemed harmful to health and spoiled the building. The provincial government therefore decided in 1694 to lay down the monastery and rebuild it elsewhere.
Third monastery
On December 4, 1694, the foundation stone for the third monastery building was laid in the sweet corner in the city center. Several houses were bought and demolished to gain the land. Today the east wing of the former post office is located above the building site. On June 4, 1697, the third monastery church was consecrated again in honor of the Apostle James. On January 7, 1702, Father Laurentius von Schnüffis died in the monastery, next to Markus Roy the most important monastery inmate. On July 27, 1777, Joseph II visited the city on his way back from France . In view of the low level of industrial activity in Constance, he wanted a factory to be set up in the monastery building. In 1780 the Capuchin General visited the monastery and was received with great care. In 1786 the Austrian government ordered the conversion to barracks. The execution was postponed at the request of the Capuchins. On April 4, 1788, the monastery was inventoried, sealed and cleared with the intention of setting up a watch factory based on the Geneva model with Swiss colonists. At that time the monastery was occupied by 14 fathers and 3 lay brothers. The monks were able to return after the failure of the factory project. However, the monastery was put on the extinction budget. In 1804 there were still 7 priests and 2 lay brothers noted. On April 24 of this year, the Capuchin Provincial Chapter took place in the monastery.
secularization
The process of secularization initiated by Joseph II was consistently continued by the Baden grand ducal government. In 1816 the monastery was definitely closed. After the death of the last Guardian, Father Pantaleon Reitermann von Reitermannsfelde in 1819, the monastery wing was cleared and, from 1819, converted into a barracks. After further use as a main customs office until 1836, the entire monastery building was demolished in 1864 in favor of the new imperial post and telegraph building built in 1888. The monastery church was transferred to the evangelical community by Grand Duke Ludwig I in 1820 and was in their possession until 1863.
Tasks and activities of the Convention
The Capuchin priests worked primarily in pastoral care. The pastoral care of the sick and dying was, according to the custom of the time, almost exclusively entrusted to the Capuchins. The associated influence on the drafting of wills brought them repeatedly the accusation of inheritance sneaking. Capuchins took special care of inmates and convicts in prisons and accompanied those condemned to death on their last walk. Heinrich von Kleist processed this task in the 20th anecdote (from the Capuchin) in the 53rd Abendblatt, dated November 30, 1810. In times of epidemics such as the plague epidemic of 1635, they took care of the sick.
Another focus was the mission, which extended deep into the reformed cantons of the Confederation. The sale of various monastery works such as scapulars and crosses and herb bushes contributed to the popularity of the Capuchins among the people. The Capuchins saw themselves as professional exorcists. There is evidence of an exorcism for Constance by a Capuchin from 1740. A man near the Obermarkt suddenly talked confusedly and fell into melancholy at times. The supposedly possessed was unsuccessfully exorcised by a Capuchin who was called in. It then turned out that the neighbor was hosting a Protestant. After the heretic was expelled from the city, he recovered. At the beginning of 1747, the expulsion of a violent poltergeist in the printing house of Councilor Labhart by the Capuchins turned out to be more difficult. Only in February of the following year did the spook end.
Furnishing
Among the pictures in the monastery church stood out a cycle by Philipp Memberger on the life of St. Francis of Assisi, which was lost in 1830, and Johann Christoph Storer's Fischfang Petri from 1662 as a high altarpiece . In 1780, Father Bonaventura von Andelfingen renovated the monastery church on the occasion of the visit of the Capuchin General. The high -quality, often copied Fidelis Purträt by Sebastiano Conca from 1729 has been preserved in the Rosgart Museum. It probably comes from the former Capuchin monastery in Konstanz.
Dissolution of the library
After the abolition of the monastery in 1807, the library of the Capuchin monastery was confiscated by the Baden state and transferred to the Freiburg University Library. Individual volumes have been preserved in the library of the Heinrich-Suso-Gymnasium Konstanz . An incunable was acquired by the Heidelberg University Library in 1898.
literature
- Beda Mayer OFMCap .: Capuchin monastery in Constance. In: Die Kapuzinerklöster Vorderösterreichs, Helvetia Franciscana, Volume 12, 6th issue, St. Fidelis-Buchdruckerei, Lucerne 1977, pp. 234–246.
- Letter from Konstanz to a friend, written while the Capuchin General was present , 1780 ( online ).
- Franz Mone: Chronicle of the Konstanzer Kapuzinerkloster 1602 to 1780 (Monumenta archivii Constantinensis ex provinciae manuscriptis desumpta atque fideliter in latinum translate) / (1602-1780), from the estate in the Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe N Mone No. 140
- Jürgensmeier, Friedhelm; Schwerdtfeger, Regina Elisabeth (Ed.): Orders and Monasteries in the Age of Reformation and Catholic Reform 1500-1700 , Vol. 3. (Catholic life and church reform in the age of religious schism 67) Münster 2007, p. 222.
Web links
- Capuchin monastery in Konstanz in the database of monasteries in Baden-Württemberg of the Baden-Württemberg State Archives
Individual evidence
- ↑ General State Archives Karlsruhe 209 No. 1532
- ↑ Cf. Fr. Joseph Kastell: Catalog along with some strange, partly unprinted writings and notes on the Concilium in 1414 in Konstanz, 1832, note on p. 32.
- ↑ Generallandesarchiv Karlsruhe - archive unit 209 No. 1324
- ^ Letter from Constance to a friend, written while the Capuchin General was present, 1780,
- ^ Beda Mayer OFMCap .: Capuchin monastery in Constance. In: Die Kapuzinerklöster Vorderösterreichs, Helvetia Franciscana, Volume 12, 6th issue, St. Fidelis-Buchdruckerei, Lucerne 1977, pp. 234–246.
- ↑ See Petra Rhode In: Heiko Haumann , Hans Schadeck (Ed.): History of the City of Freiburg. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2001, volume. 2, p. 421.
- ^ Beda Mayer: Helvetia Franciscana. Volume 12, Issue 6, 1977, p. 149.
- ↑ Cf. Franz Sebastian Ammann: The evocations of the devil, ghost banners, consecrations and sorcery of the Capuchins. Taken from the Latin Benedictionale and translated, CA Jenni, Bern 1841 (online at: books.google.de )
- ↑ See Benda Mayer: Helvetia Franciscana. Volume 12, Issue 6, 1977, p. 149.
- ↑ Rottenburger Jahrbuch für Kirchengeschichte, Volume 13, J. Thorbecke, 1994, p. 109.
- ↑ Augustin Calmet, Abraham Silberschmidt: Scholars negotiation of the matter of the apparitions of spirits and vampires in Hungary and Moravia, Edition Roter Drache, 2006, pp. 138–140.
- ↑ Morgenblatt for educated classes: 1830, Cotta, 1830, p. 55 Note 3.
- ↑ Johann Marmor: Historical topography of the city of Constance and its immediate surroundings: with special consideration of the moral and cultural history of the same. Konstanz, self-published, 1860, p. 216.
- ↑ Richard Schell: Fidelis von Sigmaringen, Thorbecke, 1977, p. 27. Figure 10.
- ↑ General State Archives Karlsruhe 209 No. 54
- ^ Catalog of the incunabula of the Heidelberg University Library, the Institute for the History of Medicine and the Heidelberg City Archives, Volume 1, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 200, p. 76.