Karl Marbe

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Karl Marbe (born August 31, 1869 in Paris , † January 2, 1953 in Würzburg ) was a German psychologist .

Life

Karl Marbe was born in Paris, where his father was a businessman. In 1875 the family moved to Freiburg im Breisgau, where they came from. After graduating from high school, he studied psychology in Bonn. In 1894 he followed a call to Würzburg; there the Psychological Institute was founded two years later. From 1905 onwards Marbe was a professor at the Academy for Social and Commercial Sciences in Frankfurt am Main, where he founded the Institute for Psychology. From October 1, 1909, he was a full professor of philosophy, including aesthetics, as well as psychology and education. From 1909 until his retirement on March 31, 1935, the Secret Government Council taught as head of the Psychological Institute at the University of Würzburg .

Marbe was married to the painter Milly Marbe-Fries; she has portrayed him several times.

plant

Marbe is regarded as a representative of thought psychology ( Würzburg School ). He examined fields of application of psychological knowledge for transportation, advertising and the judiciary. He undertook investigations into the distribution of rhythmic units of different lengths; the law of the distribution of rhythmic units of various lengths goes back to this.

From 1927 to 1928 he was President of the German Society for Psychology . In 1940 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina .

His book Contemporary popular observations for the cultivated world , written in an understandable form during and shortly after the Nazi era and only rediscovered in the estate by the Würzburg psychology historian Armin Stock in 2013, contains a critical analysis of the psychology of the masses with a view to the situation under dictatorships . Marbe shows how strongly the mechanisms of seduction of the people, fascination and suggestion by leaders became effective under National Socialism and in other systems. Marbe offered the manuscript to several publishers after 1945, but none of them wanted to publish it.

Fonts

  • Experimental psychological studies on judgment: an introduction to logic . Engelmann, Leipzig 1901.
  • together with Albert Thumb : Experimental studies on the psychological foundations of linguistic analogy formation. Engelmann, Leipzig 1901. (Reprint with an introduction by David D. Murray, John Benjamins, Amsterdam 1978, ISBN 90-272-0971-5 .)
  • About the rhythm of prose . J. Ricker'sche Verlagbuchhandlung, Giessen 1904.
  • Theory of Cinematographic Projections . JA Barth, Leipzig 1910.
  • The Action Against Psychology; a defense . Leipzig / Berlin, BG Teubner, 1913.
  • The arithmetic of the chimpanzee Basso in the Frankfurt Zoological Garden . Leipzig, Berlin: BG Teubner, 1916.
  • Uniformity in the World: Studies in Philosophy and Positive Science . CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Oskar Beck, Munich 1916–1919.
  • Mathematical remarks on my book "Uniformity in the World" . CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung Oskar Beck, Munich 1916.
  • Advertising psychology . Poeschel, Stuttgart 1927.
  • The forensic psychological assessment of car accidents and the suitability to be a chauffeur: a guide for court experts, lawyers and the police . CL Hirschfeld, Leipzig 1932.
  • Basic questions of applied probability theory and theoretical statistics . CH Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich and Berlin 1934.
  • Strange [ige] findings in d. Birth statistics . Academic Publishing Company, Leipzig 1940.
  • Why are so many boys born in times of war? Academic Publishing Company, Leipzig 1940.
  • About the lifespan of Germans in town and country . Theodor Steinkopff publishing house , Dresden, Leipzig 1944.
  • Self-biography of the psychologist privy councilor Prof. Dr. Karl Marbe in Würzburg. Published in the name of the Imperial Leopoldine-Carolinian-German Academy of Natural Scientists by Emil Abderhalden. Halle (Saale) 1945.

literature

  • Karl-Heinz Best : Karl Marbe (1869–1953). In: Glottometrics 9, 2005, pp. 74-76 (PDF full text ). (The paper gives a biographical sketch and goes into Marbe's efforts at analogy and his investigation of the prose rhythm which a number of his students and later linguists followed. This is Marbe's importance for quantitative linguistics .)
  • Pamela Dörhöfer: How the Germans let themselves be seduced by Hitler. Karl Marbe was the first scientist to describe the phenomenon of the psychology of the masses during the Nazi dictatorship - now his work has surfaced again. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. August 26, 2016, pp. 28–29.
  • Hans Eirich:  Marbe, Karl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 16, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-428-00197-4 , p. 103 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Annette Mülberger: La aportación de Karl Marbe a la psicología. Un enfoque crítico (= Karl Marbe's contribution to psychology. A critical approach. ) Dissertation Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ​​1994 (digitized) .
  • Annette Mülberger: The Psychological Institute under the direction of Karl Marbe. In: Wilhelm Janke (Ed.): Hundred Years Institute for Psychology and the Würzburg School of Thinking Psychology. Hogrefe, Göttingen 1999, ISBN 3-8017-1310-5 , pp. 127-139.
  • Armin Stock (Ed.): Contemporary popular considerations for the cultivated world. From the estate of a German scholar. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt am Main et al. 2016, ISBN 978-3-653-95509-5 .
  • Armin Stock: The forbidden writing. Karl Marbes “Contemporary Popular Considerations for the Cultivated World”. In: Martin Wieser (Ed.): Psychology in National Socialism. Peter Lang, Berlin a. a. 2020 (= contributions to the history of psychology. Volume 32), ISBN 978-3-631-80392-9 , pp. 105–130.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg: Lecture directory for the summer semester of 1948. University printing house H. Stürtz, Würzburg 1948, p. 12.
personal data
SURNAME Marbe, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychologist
DATE OF BIRTH August 31, 1869
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH 2nd January 1953
Place of death Wurzburg