Kasarski class
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|---|---|
| Kasarski class | |
 The Gaidamak in Tallinn 1893 |
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| Overview | |
| Type | Destroyer , torpedo gunboat |
| Shipyard |
Schichau-Werke , Elbing hull |
| Keel laying | 1888 to 1892 |
| Launch | August 19, 1889 to November 12, 1893 |
| delivery | 1890 to November 1895 |
| Decommissioning | until 1937 (SF) |
| Technical specifications | |
| displacement |
400 t, maximum 432 t |
| length |
60.2 m over everything |
| width |
7.42 m |
| Draft |
3.2-3.5 m |
| crew |
65 men |
| drive |
2 cylinder boilers , |
| speed |
21-22.5 kn |
| Range |
1640 nm at 15 kn |
| Armament |
6 × 47 mm Hotchkiss rapid fire cannons , |
| Coal supply |
90 t |
The six Kasarski- class boats ( Russian типа Казарский ) were built as torpedo cruisers for the Imperial Russian Navy . Due to their size and armament, the designation torpedo cannon boat or destroyer would have been more appropriate. The Russian Navy only introduced the destroyer type designation in 1907. At this point, however, the old boats had already been assigned other tasks. The boats were built by the Ferdinand Schichau shipyard in Elbing and two Russian shipyards according to Schichau plans. They were used in the three main stationing zones of the Imperial Russian Navy ( Baltic Sea , Black Sea , East Asia ). Due to the events of the war, Japan and Finland later each use two boats of the class.
Building history
The Kasarski- class boats should also carry out torpedo attacks at a greater distance from the base. The six boats designated as class were ordered in four lots.
The Kasarski ( Russian Казарский ), the lead ship of the class, was ordered by the Russian Navy near Schichau for the Black Sea Fleet in 1888 . The boat launched on August 19, 1889 was a modification of the German division torpedo boats and was completed in 1890. In 1891 the Russian Navy ordered the Griden ( Russian Гридень ), a replica that was to be built at the Admiralty Shipyard in Nikolayev, now Mykolaiv in Ukraine. Due to the lack of experience at this shipyard, the Griden was the last boat of the class to be completed in November 1895.
In 1891, the Schichau construction yard received the order for two very similar boats from Montenegro , which, however, soon could no longer afford the costs. The Russian Navy took over the orders. The first boat was launched on December 8, 1891, the second followed on April 13, 1892. The two boats were then taken over in June 1892 as Wojewoda ( Russian Воевода ) and Possadnik ( Russian Посадник ) for the Baltic fleet .
The last order for two more boats of this class was placed in 1892 by the Chrichton shipyard in Abo, now Turku in Finland . There were Wsadnik ( Russian Всадник ) and Gaydamak ( Russian Гайдамак ) 1894 completed and the Baltic Fleet adopted.
The Chrichton shipyard then built the last torpedo cruiser of the first procurement phase of the Imperial Russian Navy with the Abrek of 535 t, which was an enlarged version of the Kasarski class.
The armament of the boats consisted of six 47 mm Hotchkiss rapid fire cannons. In addition there were three 37 mm L / 45-Hotchkiss - machine guns . The torpedo armament consisted of two 381 mm torpedo tubes. One was installed rigidly in the bow, while the second was installed fully rotatable on the hull. The boats were the first Russian torpedo vehicles that could use this weapon in any direction. The boats were single chimneys and single screw boats.
From 1907, the four boats remaining in the Russian Navy were re-armed, as they were now used as dispatch boats.
Mission history
As the first ship of the class, the Kasarski was taken over by the Russian Navy in 1890 and transferred to the Black Sea . The ship was named after Alexander Iwanowitsch Kasarski (1797-1833), the commander of the 18-gun brig Mercury in the Russo-Ottoman War of 1828/1829, which stood up to two Turkish ships of the line.
As the second so-called torpedo cruiser after Leutnant Iljin , it showed advantages over the older design. The fully rotating deck torpedo tube, the higher speed and the lower silhouette made it the better attack boat. It was also cheaper to buy. This led to the procurement of five more boats of the type developed by Schichau, even if the Kasarski was not without its disadvantages, as it vibrated heavily and also had difficulties with very rough sea conditions. In September 1907 she was reclassified and re-armed as a dispatch boat. The old guns and torpedo tubes were removed and three 75 mm L / 50 canet rapid fire guns and four machine guns were installed.
The Kasarski fell into German hands with the conquest of Sevastopol on May 1, 1918. A use of the old boat could not be determined. As the war continued, the boat changed hands several times, as British and French troops occupied the city on November 24, 1918, then the Red Army conquered the city on April 29, 1919 , but were driven out again by white troops on June 24, who actually put the old boat back into service, but left it behind in Sevastopol on November 14, 1920. The advancing Soviet armed forces took the Kasarski into service on December 15, 1920 as a mine-layer with a capacity for 50 mines. This task was given up again in 1923 and the old boat scrapped in 1925 to be scrapped in 1927.
In the Black Sea Fleet and the last boat finished the class that came Griden (bodyguards), from November 1895 application, which was also built as a single boat on the Black Sea. It was also reclassified as a dispatch boat in September 1907, but not re-armed. From June 1908 she was only a guard ship at the base and in 1913 she was canceled as the first ship of the class in Russian service.
In June 1892 the Russian Navy took over the two boats built near Schichau, Wojewoda (warlord) and Possadnik (mayor), which had originally been ordered by King Nikola of Montenegro . They stayed with the Baltic Fleet in the Baltic Sea and served primarily as escort boats for the imperial yacht and also transported guests, so that the military use of the boats was not a priority. They were also used for various experiments and the Wojewoda supported experiments with submarines off Libau in 1906 . In October 1907 Wojewoda and Possadnik were also reclassified as dispatch boats. Despite serving as escort boats, they were re-armed. In 1909 two of the 47 mm guns on both boats were replaced by 57 mm L / 50 guns. In 1910, all existing guns and torpedo tubes were removed from the Wojewoda . They were replaced by two 75 mm L / 50 guns and two machine guns. The Possadnik also received these new weapons, but kept two 57 mm L / 50 guns. In 1911 the Possadnik , which also served as an artillery training ship, was re-armed. Their armament then consisted of a 102 mm L / 60 gun, a remaining 75 mm cannon and three machine guns until 1917.
During the First World War , both boats were used as school and escort boats. On the Possadnik , the 75 mm cannon was replaced by a second 102 mm cannon in 1917. In 1917 both boats joined the Red Fleet. In April 1918, both boats in Pori on the Gulf of Bothnia were occupied by Finnish troops because they could not leave Pori because of the ice conditions and the unsafe mine situation. Both boats were assigned to the Soviet Union after the peace agreement with Finland in 1920.
In 1894 the Wsadnik (rider) and the Gaidamak (male), built in Abo / Turku, Finland, joined the Baltic Fleet, but were transferred to the Pacific Squadron shortly after commissioning . The transfer of the first modern boats to the squadron in the Far East was supported from the Mediterranean by the armored frigate Pamjat Asowa . Both boats stayed there from 1894 to 1904, first in Vladivostok and then in Port Arthur , where both were lost during the Russo-Japanese War . The Wsadnik was sunk by the Japanese attackers' land artillery in December 1904, the Gaidamak was self- sunk by its own crew on January 2, 1905 before the surrender next to the sister boat , which was also destroyed further. The two boats lying on the bottom in shallow water, of which considerable parts were still sticking out of the water, were lifted by the Japanese in 1905 and added to the Japanese fleet as destroyers.
Operation under the Japanese flag
The two East Asia boats of the Pacific Squadron built in Finland were the first to be lost in Port Arthur. The Japanese lifted both boats sunk in shallow water in 1905 and put them into service as Makikumo (ex Wsadnik ) and Shikinami (ex Gaidamak ). In 1911, however, the two boats were taken out of service again and broken up in 1913.
Operation under the Finnish flag
The two boats occupied by Finnish troops in Pori in April 1918 came into the service of the newly formed Finnish Navy as mine layers, then the gunboats Klas Horn (ex Possadnik ) and Matti Kurki (ex Wojewoda ). Since the boats were well preserved by their Russian crews, they could be used from May 1918. They were initially intended as mine layers and received two 102 mm Canet cannons in Finnish service and were supposed to carry 50 mines. Since the heavy Russian cannons could only be used when the sea was calm and the ship was stopped, they were later replaced by two 75 mm cannons.
The Matti Kurki got the name of a legendary Finnish chief from the 13th century. Like her sister boat, the gunboat Matti Kurki was decommissioned in 1937 and used as a target ship. The wreck is said to have served as an anti-aircraft battery with a 76.2 mm anti-aircraft gun in Katajanokka , Helsinki , in the winter war of 1939/1940 and was then scrapped.
The Klas Horn was named after the Swedish admiral Klas Horn (1517–1566), who came from Finland. The Klas Horn was initially the flagship of the Finnish Navy. From 1929 to 1931 she served as a submarine tender. In 1937 the gunboats Klas Horn and Matti Kurki were decommissioned.
The hull of the Klas Horn was converted into a base / accommodation ship for hydrographic studies. However, it now had to be towed to the locations where it was used. During the Olympic Games in 1952, the representative rooms of the former ship of the Tsar's yacht were used. In 1957 the hull was sold and should be used as a youth café. In 1962 the boat caught fire during renovation work and was then scrapped.
The Kasarski- class boats
| Surname | Shipyard | Keel laying | Launch | in service | Final fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kasarsky | F. Schichau , Elbing | 1888 | 1889 | 1890 | December 1920 Soviet fleet, canceled November 1925 |
| Voevoda | F. Schichau, Elbing | 07.1891 | December 8, 1891 | 07.1892 | Conquered by Finland April 1918, Matti Kurki , deleted in 1937 |
| Possadnik | F. Schichau, Elbing | 08.1891 | 04/13/1892 | 07.1892 | Conquered by Finland in April 1918, Klas Horn , deleted in 1957 |
| Vzadnik | Crichton shipyard , subscription | 1892 | 07.1893 | 1894 | Sunk December 15, 1904 in Port Arthur, lifted by Japan, Makigumo , 1911 out of service, scrapped in 1913 |
| Gaidamak | Crichton shipyard, subscription | 1892 | 09.1893 | 1894 | Sunk 2 January 1905 in Port Arthur itself, lifted by Japan, Shikinami , 1911 out of service, scrapped in 1913 |
| Griden | Admiralty Shipyard , Nikolayev | 06.1891 | 11/12/1893 | 11.1895 | Deleted in 1913 |
literature
- B. Weyer: Taschenbuch der Kriegsflotten. JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich 1905.
Web links
- KAZARSKIY torpedo cruisers on navypedia (accessed April 21, 2012)
- Kasarski (Russian, accessed April 22, 2012)
- Russian page on Wojewoda and Possadnik (accessed on April 25, 2012)
- KLAS HORN class small sloops on navypedia (accessed April 21, 2012)
- Prizes of Russo-Japanese War on Materials of IJN Vessels (accessed April 22, 2012)
- Griden (Russian, accessed on April 22, 2012)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Russian page on Abrek ( memento from October 25, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) 535 t, 65.7 m × 7.62 m × 3.35 m, 5250 HP, two screws, 21.2 kn, two 75 mm Cannons, 2 MG, two 450mm TR (accessed April 25, 2012)
- ↑ 3-pdr (1.4 kg) Hotchkiss gun on Naval Weapons (accessed April 24, 2012)
- ↑ The 37mm Hotchkiss Cannon on Naval Weapons (accessed April 21, 2012)
- ↑ for the East Asian boats manufactured by Crichton, double-screw drive is sometimes given
- ↑ 7.5 cm / L50 Canet Model 1891 on Naval Weapons (accessed April 24, 2012)
- ↑ 57-mm-6-pdr-Hotchkiss gun on Naval Weapons (accessed April 24, 2012)
- ↑ 102 mm / L60 Pattern 1911 on Naval Weapons (accessed April 24, 2012)