Katharina Jacob

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Katharina Jacob (born March 6, 1907 in Cologne as Katharina Emmermann; † August 23, 1989 in Hamburg ) was a resistance fighter against National Socialism of the Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen group .

Life

Katharina Emmermann grew up in Cologne. After attending school, she trained as an office clerk and was involved in the youth group of the Employees' Union (GDA), later in the Florian Geyer youth group and the Communist Youth Association (KJVD). There she met Walter Hochmuth , whom she married in 1927 and with whom she moved to Hamburg. In 1928 she became a member of the KPD . Walter Hochmuth had been a member of the party since 1925, and in 1931 he was elected to the Hamburg parliament. Their daughter Ursel Hochmuth was also born in 1931 .

After the seizure of power of the Nazis Walter Hochmuth was wanted list and went into the ground . Katharina Hochmuth was arrested in July 1933 for distributing leaflets and sentenced to one year in prison. Until 1936 she served a one-year prison sentence in the Lübeck-Lauerhof prison . In 1938 she was arrested again and imprisoned in the Fuhlsbüttel police prison. In 1939 they divorced Walter Hochmuth. In 1941 she married Franz Jacob , whom she already knew from the KJVD and who had returned to Hamburg in September 1940 after many years of “ protective custody ” from the Sachsenhausen concentration camp . With her second husband she was involved in building up the resistance organization of the Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen group . In 1942 she gave birth to her second daughter, Ilse Jacob . When the Gestapo intervened in the illegal Hamburg group in autumn 1942, Franz Jacob was able to go into hiding at the last minute. He fled to Berlin, where he built a large resistance organization with Anton Saefkow and later with Bernhard Bästlein . Katharina Jacob supplied him with news from Hamburg.

She was arrested a third time on July 6, 1944; her husband, who had been underground for two years, had been arrested two days earlier. In the series of trials against the Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen group , Franz Jacob was sentenced to death in the People's Court in Berlin on September 5, 1944 and executed in Brandenburg on September 18, 1944. Katharina Jacob was acquitted on September 20, 1944 for lack of evidence, but was subsequently transferred by the Gestapo to the Ravensbrück women's concentration camp . There she was liberated by the Soviet Army on April 30, 1945 .

Ehrenfeld (background left) second row from left, second stone (just outside the edge of the picture): Katharina Jacob

After the Second World War she was able to train as a teacher and worked for 25 years at the school in Winterhuder Weg . She was a member of the Association of those persecuted by the Nazi regime (VVN), of which she was also a member of the state executive, and of the DKP .

Honors

On the Ohlsdorf cemetery in the Ehrenfeld of the Geschwister-Scholl-Foundation there is a pillow stone for Katharina Jacob , grid square Bo 73, number 71. In
1992 a street - the Katharina-Jacob-Weg - in Hamburg- Groß Borstel was named after Katharina Jacob.

Autobiography

  • Katharina Jacob, Children of the Resistance, Hamburg: Resistance was not born in my cradle , Gallery of Remote Arts, Hamburg, 2020, ISBN 978-3-948478-06-3 .

literature

  • Ursula Puls : The Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group. Berlin 1959.
  • Ursel Hochmuth: resistance organization Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen. In: Streiflichter from the Hamburg resistance 1933 - 1945. Röderberg-Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 1969.
  • Gerda Szepansky: Women Resist: 1933-1945. Life stories based on interviews and documents . Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 1985.
  • Ursel Hochmuth: Illegal KPD and "Free Germany" movement in Berlin and Brandenburg 1942 - 1945. Biographies and testimonies from the resistance organization around Saefkow, Jacob and Bästlein. Hentrich & Hentrich, Teetz 1998, ISBN 3-933471-08-7 (Writings from the German Resistance Memorial Center. Series A, Analyzes and Representations, Volume 4)

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Cushion stone Katharina Jacob at genealogy.net
  2. Rita Bake: Who is behind it. Streets, squares and bridges named after women in Hamburg , State Center for Political Education, Hamburg 2005; also as a PDF file , accessed on August 28, 2010
  3. ^ Letter of recommendation for the book by Detlef Garbe , director of the Neuengamme Concentration Camp Memorial