Khufiyya

Ma Laichi mausoleum (Hua Si Gongbei) in Linxia , Gansu Province

Hua Si Gongbei

Khufiyya or Chufia is a Naqschbandi - Tariqa ( Sufi order ) of Islam that is mainly widespread in Ningxia , Gansu and Qinghai . It is one of the four great menhuan (Sufi schools) in China. It has its origins in Central Asian Naqschbandi Sufism and was introduced to Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai in the 17th century during the time of the Qing Emperor Kangxi in various ways, including Xinjiang. Apak Hodscha (1625–1694) and especially Ma Laichi (1681–1766) from Linxia in Gansu are commonly associated with their introduction.

The name comes from an Arabic word that refers to the practice of reciting dhikr (remembering God) . This is done in a low voice, in contrast to the vocal Naqschbandi practice of the Jahriyya , where it is done loudly. The Khufiyya school is therefore also referred to in Chinese as the "quiet recitation school" (disheng pai 低声 派) or "quiet reading school" (dinian pai 低 念 派), another name for it is "ancient teaching / Old Religion “(laojiao 老 教).

She pays no attention to the pilgrimage to Mecca , but has the gongbei拱北 - d. H. the domed roof structures (Arabic qubbah ) erected over the graves of their sheikhs , wise men or leaders - as centers of faith or pilgrimage .

Great emphasis is placed on jiaocheng 教 乘 and on “one's own belief system” (daocheng 道 乘), which “gradually leads to depersonalization and a mystical union with God” (Hu Fan).

The school has different sub-schools: Bijiachang menhuan毕 家 场 门 宦, Xianmen menhuan 鲜 门 门 宦, Mufuti menhuan 穆夫提 门 宦, Huasi menhuan 华 寺门 宦, Lintao menhuan 临洮 门 宦, Liumen menhuan 刘 门 门 宦, Mingdetuan 刘 门 门 宦, Mingdetuan 刘 门 门 宦, Mingdetuan明德 堂, Mumen menhuan 胡 门 门 宦, Beizhuang menhuan 北 庄门 宦, Hongmen menhuan 洪门 门 宦, Liangzhouzhang menhuan 凉州 庄门 宦, Jiangoujing menhuan 碱 沟 井 门 宦, Dingmen menhuan 丁 门 门 宦 法门, Famen menhuan门 宦 u. a.

literature

• Hu Fan: Islam in Shaanxi: Past and Present . Bonn 2008 (Bonn, Univ., Diss., 2008).
• Dru C. Gladney: Muslim Chinese. Ethnic nationalism in the People's Republic (= Harvard East Asian Monographs. Vol. 149). 2nd edition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge MA et al. 1996, ISBN 0-674-59497-5 .
• Louis M. Schram: The Monguors of the Kansu-Tibetan Frontier. (PDF; 6.6 MB) Volume 2: Their Religious Life (= Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. NS Vol. 47, 1). American Philosophical Soc., Philadelphia PA 1957 (“Old Religion”).

reference books

• Cihai ("Sea of ​​Words"), Shanghai cishu chubanshe, Shanghai 2002, ISBN 7-5326-0839-5

Web links

• The Suifi Orders in China - English

References and comments

1. ↑ The four great menhuan (chin. Sida menhuan 四 大门 宦) are Khufiyya , Qadiriyya , Jahriyya and Kubrawiyya . See also chinaculture.org: Menhuan - A Special Result of Islam ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
2. ↑ Zhongguo da baike quanshu, Vol. 14 Zongjiao (Religion), p. 255
3. ↑ See main article Sharia .
4. ↑ See main article Tariqa .
5. ↑ Hu Fan, p. 114.
6. ↑ Bijiachang Menhuan ( Memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
7. ↑ Xianmen menhuan ( Memento from April 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
8. ^ Mufti Menhuan ( Memento from August 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
9. ↑ Huasi Menhuan ( Memento from August 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
10. ↑ Beizhuang Menhuan ( Memento from April 28, 2011 in the Internet Archive )