Kubrawiyya
The Kubrawiyya is an Islamic Sufi -Orden ( Tariqa ), of the 12th century by the mystic Najmuddin Kubra in Central Asia was founded.
history
Well-known members of the order are, in addition to the order's founder, his pupils Nadschmuddin Daya Razi , Fariduddin Attar , Baha'uddin Walad (father of Jalal ad-Din Rumi ) and 'Ala'uddaula Simnani . The latter later became a highly revered Naqshbandiyya person who sometimes mixed with the Kubrawiyya. In the second half of the 14th century, the Kubrawiyya became the most important order in the Kashmir region when, according to tradition , Sayyid Ali Hamadhani emigrated there with 700 dervishes in 1371 . This area had only recently been converted to Islam, and Hamadhani has largely contributed to bringing Muslim ideas to life in Kashmir. The expansion of the order into Indonesia is attributed to Sunan Gunung Jati, one of the nine holy Welsh from the 16th century who were worshiped by Indonesian Muslims . His lineage ( Silsila ) resembles Nadschmuddin Kubras, with whom, according to a historical myth, he is said to have studied Islam together in Mecca in the 12th century.
After Hamadhani's death, the Kubrawiyya lost its influence on the Indian subcontinent and over time was ousted by the Chishtiyya , Suhrawardiyya , Qadiriyya and, from around 1600, the Naqschbandiyya.
Overall, the works and teachings of the Sheikhs of this order have greatly influenced mystical piety in India and Pakistan .
Teaching
The teaching of the Kubrawiyya is mainly based on the mystical works of Nadschmuddin Kubra. Accordingly, the human being is a microcosm that contains everything that exists in the macrocosm . Man can assume the attributes of God ( Allah ), with the exception of the attributes of ar-Rahman ar-Rahim ("the merciful, the merciful") and al-Hadi ("the right guide") which are exclusively occupied by the divine majesty can.
Kubra regards the human heart as a subtle body that can soar through the heavens and thereby undertake visionary journeys.
However, this kind of experience can only be had by the followers of the order if they follow the strict rules, for example fasting , complete devotion to the Sheikh, constant ritual purity ( tahāra ), constant silence, constant seclusion , constant remembrance of God ( dhikr ) and constant guidance by a sheikh who interprets the student's visions and dreams.
- See also: Dhahabiyya
Individual evidence
- ↑ Martin van Bruinessen : Najmuddin al-Kubra, Jumadil Kubra and Jamaluddin al-Akbar. Traces of Kubrawiyya influence in early Indonesian islam. ( Memento of the original from July 4, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 150, No. 2, Leiden 1994, pp. 305–329 (PDF; 2.3 MB)
