Kii-Ōshima

Kii-Ōshima
	Aerial photo of Kii-Ōshima, 1975
Waters	Philippine Sea
Geographical location	33 ° 28 '0 " N , 135 ° 49' 48" E Coordinates: 33 ° 28 '0 " N , 135 ° 49' 48" E
length	6 km
width	3 km
surface	9.68 km²
Highest elevation	Ōmori-yama ; 171.3 m TP
Residents	1515 (2000) ; 157 inhabitants / km²
main place	Ōshima

Kii-Ōshima ( Japanese. 紀伊大島 , German "large island of Kii"), short Ōshima ( Japanese. 大島 ), is an island south of the Kii peninsula of the Japanese main island of Honshū . To distinguish it from other islands named Ōshima, the name refers to the historical province of Kii .

geography

The 9.68 km² island of Kii-Ōshima is located one kilometer east of the island-shaped Cape Shionomisaki in the Kumano-nada marine region belonging to the Philippine Sea . The highest point is the Ōmori-yama ( 大森山 ) with 171.3 m TP. The sea off the south-east coast of the island is characterized by many sharp-edged rock formations, which are therefore and because of their scenic beauty Umikongō ( 海金剛 , dt. "Meeres vajra , Marine diamonds ”). These and the entire marine area around the island are part of the Yoshino-Kumano National Park . Geologically, Kii-Ōshima consists mainly of igneous rock .

Surrounding islands are:

Surname	Japanese	Coordinates
Hayama-jima	早間島	33 ° 27 '8 " N , 135 ° 49' 16" E33.452222222222 135.82111111111
Hōraku	ホーラク	33 ° 26 ′ 47 " N , 135 ° 49 ′ 14" E33.446388888889 135.82055555556
Gongen-jima	権現島	33 ° 28 ′ 16 " N , 135 ° 48 ′ 3" E33.471111111111 135.80083333333
Katsuo-jima	鰹島	33 ° 28 '28 " N , 135 ° 51' 59" E33.474444444444 135.86638888889
Myōga-jima	苗我島	33 ° 27 ′ 40 " N , 135 ° 47 ′ 45" E33.461111111111 135.79583333333
Nakahana	中鼻	33 ° 26 ′ 51 ″ N , 135 ° 49 ′ 11 ″ E33.4475 135.81972222222
Tsuya-jima	通夜島	33 ° 26 '59 " N , 135 ° 49' 1" E33.449722222222 135.81694444444
Usu-jima	臼島	33 ° 27 '29 " N , 135 ° 50' 55.5" E33.458055555556 135.84875
f1 Map with all coordinates: OSM \| WikiMap

At the easternmost point of the island, Cape Kashino-zaki ( 樫野埼 ), is the lighthouse of the same name ( 樫野埼灯台 , Kashinozaki tōdai ; 33 ° 28 ′ 18 ″ N , 135 ° 51 ′ 43 ″ E ), which was reached in 1870 and the first of many Richard Henry Bruntons , "the father of Japan's lighthouses", was. 33.471666666667 135.86194444444

Administratively, the island is divided into three districts - Ōshima in the west, Sue ( 須江 ) in the center and south, and Kashino ( 樫野 ) in the east - which formed independent coastal towns ( 浦 , -ura ) until the introduction of the Japanese community system in 1889 to the community Ōshima ( 大島村 , - mura ) merged and were finally incorporated in 1958 to Kushimoto . In 2000 there were 1515 inhabitants on the island. The island is over the 290 m long arched bridge Kushimoto-ōhashi ( くしもと大橋 ) to the uninhabited neighboring island Myōga-jima and connects there to the 386 m long loop bridge Myōgajima Loop-hashi ( 苗我島ループ橋 , ~ rūpu ~ ) to Shionomisaki on.

First contact with the United States

Due to its exposed location, the island was also important for the contact between Japan and other states. In 1791 the US merchant ships Lady Washington and Grace anchored near Kashino , and represented the first contact between the United States and Japan. Since Japan followed a strict policy of isolation ( Sakoku ) at that time , it would be 62 years before Commodore Matthew Perry joined his Black Ships , forcing the establishment of mutual relations. To commemorate this, the "Memorial of Japanese-American Friendship" ( 日米修交記念館 , Nichibei Shūkō Kinenkan ) was opened on April 30, 1975 .

Fall of the Ertuğrul

In the 1880s, the Ottoman Empire and Japan tried to consolidate their mutual relations , as both were disadvantaged by unequal treaties on the part of the western great powers. To this end, the Ottomans sent a diplomatic embassy under Rear Admiral Osman Pasha on the frigate Ertuğrul in 1889 . When the 26-year-old wooden ship left Yokohama on September 15, 1890 during the typhoon season, contrary to the warnings of the Japanese , it got caught in a storm off Kashino and hit the rocks, killing 587 sailors and passengers. The 69 survivors rescued by the villagers were picked up on October 5 by the Japanese warships Kongō and Hiei and reached Istanbul on January 2, 1891 . Some of the wounded had been brought to Kobe by the German gunboat Wolf .

After the villagers erected a tomb in 1891, the Japanese-Turkish Trade Association decided in August 1928 to erect a cenotaph in memory of the drowned people, which was completed on April 5, 1929 and visited by the Shōwa-tennō on June 3 . The Turkish government was pleased to have a new "memorial in honor of the victims of the Turkish warship" ( トルコ軍艦遭難者慰霊碑 , Toruko Gunkan Sōnansha Ireihi ) erected, which was inaugurated on June 3, 1937. In 1974 the “Turkish Memorial” ( トルコ記念館 , Toruko Kinenkan , Turkish: Türk Müzesi ) was opened.

Umikongo
Kashinozaki lighthouse
Japanese-American Friendship Memorial
Monument in honor of the victims of the Ertuğrul
Turkish memorial

Web links

Commons : Kii-Ōshima - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ 大島 . In: 世界大百科事典第２版 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).
↑ ^a ^b ^c 大島（おおしま） . In: 日本の島へ行こう . Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).
↑ 石高・行政区画変遷図串本町 . Shingū City, accessed March 18, 2015 (Japanese).
↑ 串本町 . In: ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).
↑ ヘメット市 . (No longer available online.) Kushimoto City, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b 特別展示日本とトルコ - 国交樹立 90 年 - 展示史料解説 . Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs , 2014, accessed March 18, 2015 (Japanese, commemorative publication commemorating the 90th anniversary of the establishment of mutual diplomatic relations).
↑ ^a ^b トルコとの交流～エルトゥールル号の遭難～ . Kushimoto City, Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).
^ History of the Turkish frigate Ertuğrul . 1965, p. 16 , urn : nbn: de: gbv: 3: 5-2259 .
↑ 「トルコ記念館リニューアル工事」企画画・設計・監理委託及び施工 . Kushimoto City, Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).

[1] 大島 . In: 世界大百科事典第２版 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).

[:0-2] 大島（おおしま） . In: 日本の島へ行こう . Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).

[3] 石高・行政区画変遷図串本町 . Shingū City, accessed March 18, 2015 (Japanese).

[4] 串本町 . In: ブリタニカ国際大百科事典小項目事典 at kotobank.jp. Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).

[5] ヘメット市 . (No longer available online.) Kushimoto City, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[:1-6] 特別展示日本とトルコ - 国交樹立 90 年 - 展示史料解説 . Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs , 2014, accessed March 18, 2015 (Japanese, commemorative publication commemorating the 90th anniversary of the establishment of mutual diplomatic relations).

[:2-7] トルコとの交流～エルトゥールル号の遭難～ . Kushimoto City, Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).

[8] History of the Turkish frigate Ertuğrul . 1965, p. 16 , urn : nbn: de: gbv: 3: 5-2259 .

[9] 「トルコ記念館リニューアル工事」企画画・設計・監理委託及び施工 . Kushimoto City, Retrieved March 18, 2015 (Japanese).