Kingsin line

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Kingsin Line's office flag

The Deutsche Dampfschiffs-Rhederei zu Hamburg AG was a Hamburg liner shipping company. It opened the first German liner service between Europe and East Asia. The company existed from 1871 to 1898. From 1881 the shipping company appeared mainly under the name Kingsin Line , from 1890 to 1892 also as the Sunda Line . Kingsin can be translated from Chinese with a gold star . The ships of the line received a gold star as a bow decoration. The shipping company's office flag was divided into red and white quarters. In the middle of the upper red leech was a white image of the castle of the Hamburg state coat of arms with an open gate and portcullis.

history

The company was founded in 1871 at the instigation of the established Hamburg shipping companies Wachsmuth & Krogmann , Godeffroy and William Henry O'Swald . The Chinese businessman Theodor Siemssen was one of the initiators . The first seat was in the Brandstwiete . The company's initial capital was 4.5 million Reichsmarks. Albrecht P. O'Swald took over the chairmanship.

Kingsin line

When it was founded, the European trampoline trip was initially considered. But already the first five smaller steamers could be used with worthwhile freight to East Asia, which had been brokered by the shipping company O'Swald. The liner service between Europe and East Asia developed from the tramp ride. In order to achieve full utilization, London was now also called to fill up. Two years after the start of the service, the demand for freight was covered. In addition, the shipping company took on replacement transports for the East Asian fleet squadron that had existed since 1876.

Starting from Hamburg, the main shipping area initially included the ports of call Penang , Singapore , Hong Kong and Shanghai , as well as other intermediate ports depending on the cargo availability. The second half of the 1870s brought economic problems for the company. In 1879 the shares had to be merged three to two. The following years were more successful. By 1883 the fleet had grown to nine steamers with which monthly departures from Hamburg were offered. The shipping company employed vacant units with time or voyage charters on the East Asian coastal voyage and between India and China.

After the departure density had been further increased to 20 daily departures, Yokohama and Kobe were called instead of Shanghai as the terminal port for every second departure . However, since the Kingsin Line did not succeed in penetrating the conference on the Chinese trade, which was dominated by British liner shipping companies, it finally switched its service entirely to Yokohama and Kobe. For the canceled departures to Shanghai, the shipping company set up a connecting line to Shanghai with those ships that were employed in the coastal voyage.

In 1884 the Deutsche Dampfschiffs-Rhederei applied to operate the Reichspostdampferlinien to the Far East. However, the state-subsidized service was awarded to Norddeutscher Lloyd. The Kingsin line was accused of complying with the departure times, but not the entire timetable. Your ships are too slow.

Sunda line

At the end of 1890 the shipping company opened its Sunda line from Europe to Surabaya . The name Kingsin Line was henceforth equated with "Japan Line". Even before that, from June 1889, the shipping company had an irregular connection to Kaiser-Wilhelmsland . It was operated together with the steamers of the New Guinea Company . The meeting point for the ships was initially Surabaya, and from September 1891 then Singapore .

For the construction of the Sunda Line, the Deutsche Dampfschiffs-Rhederei had increased its share capital from 4.5 to 7.5 million Reichsmarks and applied for a priority loan of two million Reichsmarks. Among other things, the money was used to commission faster ships with larger passenger facilities. Nevertheless, the company was unable to gain a foothold in the East Asian sailing area, which was secured with tightly-knit contracts. The insufficient number of passengers and cargo as well as the higher bunker consumption made the line a failure. A steamer bought for them had to be sold in 1891 with a loss of 375,000 Reichsmarks. At the annual general meeting of the year there was a dispute between the supervisory board and the administration. In total, losses of 310,000 Reichsmarks were posted in 1891. It closed with a debit balance of over 3.6 million Reichsmarks. On March 15, 1892, the line ceased operations. The three remaining ships proved to be unsaleable and were incorporated into the Kingsin line.

A request from the shipping company for subsidies for a connection to Makassar , New Guinea and the Bismarck Archipelago was rejected. Instead, from March 1892, North German Lloyd took over the state-subsidized service to Kaiser-Wilhelmsland.

Integration into HAPAG

In 1896 the Rickmers Line opened an East Asian branch with monthly departures. The HAPAG they came up with the proposal to go also to East Asia and to cooperate with Rickmers' agency E. Th. Lind. HAPAG showed interest. On January 3, 1898, the decision was made to set up an East Asian branch with its own and chartered ships of the Rickmers Line.

From this strong position, HAPAG made a takeover offer to Deutsche Dampfschiffs-Rhederei. The general assembly of March 26, 1898 accepted this. The Kingsin director seam entered the administration. For each share, shareholders of the shipping company received one from HAPAG and a seven percent additional payment.

In the same year, HAPAG started the regular East Asia trip. She took over all 13 ships of the Deutsche Dampfschiffs-Rhederei and passed seven of the Kingsin steamers on to Norddeutscher Lloyd. An agreement had been reached with the NDL that the operation of the Reichspostdampferlinie to East Asia would be shared. The management of the Reichspostdampfer remained in the hands of the NDL. HAPAG managed the operation of the freight steamers.

The ships (selection)

Ships of the Deutsche Dampfschiffs-Rhederei
Building name Shipyard /
construction number		 delivery Client Period of service with the
Deutsche Dampfschiffs-Rhederei		 Renaming and whereabouts
Atalanta Denton, Gray & Co. , West Hartlepool / 132 April 1872 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1872 to 1887 1887 Kanazawa Maru , run up on Kurushima Street on November 26, 1927 on a trip from Fusan to Tokyo and lost.
Olympia Reiherstieg shipyard , Hamburg / 233 June 1872 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1872 to 1888 Sold in 1888 to A. Kirsten, Hamburg, sunk near Aarhus on February 22, 1893.
Bellona Denton, Gray & Co., West Hartlepool / 133 August 1872 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1872 to 1887 1887 Hinode Maru , sunk on June 30, 1906 on a journey from Nagasaki to Dairen after colliding with Nichyiyei Maru off Sasebo.
Cassandra Alexander Stephen & Sons , Glasgow / 167 April 1873 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1873 to 1890 Sold in 1890 to Witt & Büsch , Hamburg, left on January 6, 1894 on a journey from Lagos to Rotterdam, sinking to 34 ° N 12 ° W.
Feronia Reiherstieg shipyard, Hamburg / 283 1875 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1875 to 1886 Sank on January 12, 1886 36 nautical miles west of the lightship Borkum.
Hesperia North German shipbuilding company , Kiel / 73 May 1876 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1876 ​​to 1894 1894 sold to Nippon Yusen Kaisha, Tokyo as Soya Maru , stranded and lost off Fukuyama June 28, 1898.
Electra Dobie & Co., Govan / 104 February 1879 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1879 to 1893 Sold in 1893 to Nisaburo, Kaga as Chiyo Maru , stranded and lost on August 11, 1908 off Rijiri, Hokkaido.
Lydia Dobie & Co., Govan / 105 April 1879 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1879 to 1892 Sold in 1892 to Hichihei, Kaga as Aikoku Maru , sunk on May 2, 1904 as a block ship off Port Arthur .
Massalia Reiherstieg shipyard, Hamburg / 337 December 1881 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1881 to 1887 stranded at Cape Trafalgar on January 19, 1887.
Iphigenia Vulcan AG , Hamburg / 118 April 1883 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1883 to 1892 sold on July 30th, 1892 to the Chinese Coastal Travel Company, Hamburg as Nanyang , sold on September 24th, 1901 to Menzell & Co., Hamburg, 1905 sold to Japan as Senshu Maru , stranded off Port Arthur on September 22nd, 1905 and lost .
Polyhymnia Reiherstieg shipyard, Hamburg / 343 July 1883 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1883 to 1892 on July 30, 1892 sold to the Chinese Coastal Travel Company, Hamburg as Peiyang , stranded near Vladivostok on September 9, 1902.
King Willem III Koninkl, Fabriek Van Stoom & other Werktuigen, Amsterdam / - 1883 Stoomvaart Maatschappij Insulinde, Amsterdam 1886 to 1898 Purchased Niobe in 1886 , Babelsberg in 1898 , Kinko Maru in 1906 , missing on a trip from Saigon to Hong Kong since October 15, 1918.
Frigga Flensburg shipbuilding company , Flensburg / 92 August 1887 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1887 to 1897 1897 sold to Paquet, Marseille as Lydie , lost on March 5th on the way to Marseille after passing the Dardanelles.
Bellona Swan Hunter , Newcastle / - October 1887 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1887 to 1894 stranded on October 1, 1894 in the Paracel Islands.
Daphne Flensburg shipbuilding company, Flensburg / 93 November 1887 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1887 to 1895 sold on April 8, 1895 to the Dampfschiffs-Gesellschaft Swatow, Hamburg, sold on July 30, 1895 to the Chinese coastal travel company, Hamburg, sold on September 24, 1901 to Menzell & Co., Hamburg, sold on April 21, 1908 to Marseille as Liberia , torpedoed and sunk by UC-35 on April 4, 1918 on a journey from West Africa to Marseille 62 nautical miles southeast of the Îles d'Hyères .
Aglaia Flensburg shipbuilding company, Flensburg / 99 January 1888 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1888 to 1897 sold on November 19, 1897 to Paquet, Marseille as Georgie , sunk on September 23, 1900 after colliding with the Russian steamer Rostov in the Sea of ​​Marmara.
Kriemhild Swan Hunter, Newcastle / 147 1889 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1889 to 1898 1898 Savoia , seized by the US Shipping Board in Colon in April 1917, General GF Hodges , scrapped in 1923.
Oceana Reiherstieg shipyard, Hamburg / 374 1889 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1889 to 1898 1898 Stolberg , 1904 Oceana , 1904 Koshun Maru , stranded in front of Sienchin on December 16, 1910 and lost.
Tosari Swan Hunter, Newcastle / 159 1890 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1890 to 1891 1891 Admiral , 1895 Tosari , 1900 Rosalind , 1912 City Of Sydney , run aground on Shag Rock on March 17, 1914 off Halifax and abandoned.
Salatiga Armstrong, Mitchell , Newcastle / 566 1890 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1890 to 1894 1894 general , scrapped in 1909.
Lawang Swan Hunter, Newcastle / 160 1891 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1891 to 1895 1895 Dahome , 1910 Kayseri , captured by the Italian cruiser Puglia in 1911 , Eritrea in 1912 , out of service on June 14, 1923.
Prioc Swan Hunter, Newcastle / 161 1891 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1891 to 1895 1895 Guineé , 1998 London City , 1900 Taihoku Maru , scrapped in 1933.
Gerda Blohm & Voss, Hamburg / 93 1892 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1892 to 1898 1898 Sarnia , converted into a refrigerated ship in 1903, Baysarnia in 1915 , Port de Cette in 1921 , Le Levant in 1923 , Vatan in 1924 , ran into a mine between Kea and Kythnos in 1946 and in position 37.36 ° N; 024.30 ° E decreased.
Irene Reiherstieg shipyard, Hamburg / 387 May 25, 1893 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1893 to 1898 1898 → NDL, Heidelberg , 1912 Bulgarie , 1915 Haelen , 1918 Armistice , 1925 Boba , 1926 Ammiraglio Viale , 1934 scrapped.
Hertha Blohm & Voss, Hamburg / 102 1894 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1894 to 1898 1898 Sibiria , converted into a refrigerated ship in 1903, sunk in 1916.
Erato Flensburg shipbuilding company, Flensburg / 150 1894 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1894 to 1898 1898 Serbia , sunk in 1906.
Bellona Blohm & Voss, Hamburg / 107 1895 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1895 to 1898 1898 Nuremberg , 1904 Senegambia , captured by the French cruiser Dupleix on August 21, 1914 , Lamentin in 1916 , scrapped in Genoa from September 1925.
Senta Blohm & Voss, Hamburg / 112 1895 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1895 to 1898 1898 Bamberg , 1903 Specia
Thekla Flensburg shipbuilding company, Flensburg / 158 1895 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1895 to 1898 1898 NDL, Wittenberg , 1914 Hochfeld , confiscated by Portugal on February 23, 1916 in Lisbon, Desertas , 1921 Mendes Barata , scrapped in Scheveningen from October 1927.
Ceres Blohm & Voss, Hamburg / - March 1896 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1896 to 1898 1898 Suevia , confiscated by the United States in Manila in 1917, Wachusett , 1920 Margaret Frankel , scrapped in 1923.
mikado HC Stülcken Sohn , Hamburg / - 1896 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1896 to 1898 -
Wally Blohm & Voss, Hamburg / 118 February 1897 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1897 to 1898 1898 Silesia , 1914 Indonesia, 1920 Zaandyk , 1923 Harpón , arrived in La Spezia on July 27, 1957 for scrapping.
Della Blohm & Voss, Hamburg / 119 April 1897 German steamship shipping company, Hamburg 1897 to 1898 1898 Königsberg , 1903 Scandia .
Data: Lloyd's Register, Germanischer Lloyd, Internationales Register, construction list of the Reiherstieg shipyard

literature

  • Otto Mathies: Hamburg's shipping company 1814-1914 . Friederichsen Verlag, Hamburg 1924.
  • Otto J. Seiler: East Asia trip . Liner shipping of Hapag-Lloyd AG through the ages. ES Mittler & Sohn, Herford 1988, ISBN 3-8132-0271-2 .
  • Arnold Kludas : The History of German Passenger Shipping . Volume I - The Pioneering Years 1850 to 1890, Chap. 25 From Hamburg to East Asia . Ernst Kabel Verlag, Hamburg 1986.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Maria Möring: Siemssen & Co.: 1846-1971 . (Publications of the Wirtschaftsgeschichtliche Forschungsstelle eV Hamburg, Volume 33.) Hanseatischer Merkur, Hamburg 1971, p. 85.
  2. ^ Otto Mathies: Hamburgs Reederei 1814 - 1914 , p. 114.
  3. ↑ a b Otto Finsch: Systematic overview of the results of his travels and writing activities 1859-1899 . Friedländer, Berlin 1899, p. 128, and ibid, footnote no.2.
  4. ^ Otto Mathies: Hamburgs Reederei 1814–1914 , pp. 113–115.
  5. ↑ Joseph Norbert Frans Marie à Campo: Engines of Empire: Steamshipping and State Formation in Colonial Indonesia , Uitgeverij Verloren, Hilversum, 2002, pp. 249-251.
  6. ^ Eduard Hernsheim: From the Bismarck Archipelago: The pier construction of the North German Lloyd in Simpsonhafen . In: Eduard Hernsheim: Südseekaufmann: Gesammelte Schriften . Münster: MV-Wissenschaft, 2015, pp. 803–806.
  7. ↑ Arnold Kludas: The history of German passenger shipping , Volume II - Expansion on all seas 1890 to 1900, chap. 15 Beyond the Atlantic , p. 198 f.
  8. ^ Otto Mathies: Hamburgs Reederei 1814 - 1914 , pp. 115/116.
  9. ^ Lloyd's Register , Lloyd's Register of Shipping, London, various years
  10. ↑ Internationales Register , Germanischer Lloyd, Berlin, different years
  11. ^ Walter Kresse: From the past of the Reiherstieg shipyard in Hamburg . Deutsche Werft Hamburg (Ed.), Undated, p. 90 ff.