Marienthal Monastery (Hamminkeln)
Marienthal Monastery is a former and probably the first monastery of the Augustinian hermits in German-speaking countries and is today's Carmelite monastery. In 1986, the Lower German Province of the Carmelites established a new monastery. In addition to the monastery, the church is a Roman Catholic parish and Carmel church in Hamminkeln - Marienthal ( Wesel district ).
history
In 1256 the knight Sueder from Ringenberg brought Augustinian hermits to his possessions and founded a monastery on the Issel , the oratorio Ten Beylar. However, this was at risk of flooding from the river, so it was decided to relocate to what is now the nearby Marienthal. Marienthal is thus the oldest Augustinian hermit monastery in Germany. The Augustinians probably came from monasteries in what is now the Dutch-Belgian area. In 1806 the monastery was closed as a result of secularization and large parts of the monastery complex were demolished. In 1839 Marienthal became an independent parish and the monastery church became a parish church. After her patroness, St. Mary, she was named the Assumption. Since 1986, Carmelites took over pastoral care and founded a new monastery.
The monastery church of St. Mary's Assumption was consecrated in 1345 and is a single-nave brick building with a 5/8 end of the choir, built in the form of the Lower Rhine late Gothic. As a mendicant order church, it is equipped with a small roof turret.
From the former cloister, a wing from the 17th century has been preserved south of the church, in which there is a glass window by Heinrich Campendonk .
Today's Carmelite monastery
Exactly 180 years after the secularization by Napoleon and the abandonment of the Marienthal monastery by the order of the Augustinian hermits, a new convent was established in 1986. Carmelites of the then Low German Order Province based in Duisburg moved into the remaining parts of the monastery complex of what was probably the first Augustinian monastery in German-speaking countries. From the founding convention consisting of 3 fathers and one brother, only one brother lives today.
In 1986 they took over the entire pastoral care and since then have carried out representations in neighboring parishes. In the meantime, the Marienthal Monastery was the provincial seat of the Low German Order Province.
In addition, the training center of the Low German Carmelite Province was located in Marienthal. Exercises have also been and still are carried out in Marienthal.
Today is the Marienthal Monastery, the northernmost branch of the German Carmelite Province, which was unified in 2012 and is based in Bamberg. There are currently 2 fathers and 2 brothers living in the monastery, who together lead the parish of Marienthal, one of the smallest in the diocese of Münster.
architecture
In the west facade of the church there is a three-part panel under a Gothic pointed arch window, which is let in above the portal. There are three sandstone figures in tracery niches that were created in 1939. In the middle stands St. Mary with the baby Jesus, on the right St. Monika and on the left her son, St. Augustine. They partially replace weathered figures from the 15th century that are now inside the church.
The choir stalls on both sides of the choir walls and a crucifixion group on the right nave wall can be dated to around 1450. In 1925, during restoration work, vault paintings from the period after 1450 were discovered and partially exposed in the choir. The ceiling painting on the left in the choir shows the image of a church with arched windows, which could indicate the first church of the monastery in ten Bylar. In later works in 1968/1969, tendril paintings were found in the nave, which surround the keystones, as well as secco paintings in the second and third yoke that show Christ as judge of the world and angels making music.
Artists and works of art in Marienthal
- Ludwig Baur : Design of three monastery cells (1933)
- Hildegard Bienen : door of the cemetery chapel; Madonna and Child (bronze sculpture, 1971), gravestones in the cemetery
- Dominikus Böhm : high altar
- Heinrich Campendonk : Glass window in the cloister "Descent from the Cross" (1926/1927)
- Heinrich Dieckmann : Choir window "Der Auferstandene" (1926)
- Trude Dinnendahl-Benning : Glass window "Expulsion from Paradise" (1949)
- Almuth Lütgenhaus: bronze sculpture "Jesus and Johannes"
- Helmuth Macke: Monastery cell “St. Francis "(fresco) (1927)
- Hein Minkenberg : Gravestone "The Sower"
- Edwin Scharff : Ambo, Taufbrunnen (1941/42); Bronze portal of the church "Credo" (1945/1949)
- Eugen Senge-Platten : Gate Angels (1937)
- Josef Strater: Tau Cross in the Cloister (1928); Stations of the Cross (frescoes, 1932)
- Johann Tefert: Christ's Head in the Church Wall (1937)
- Jan Thorn Prikker : Skylight window in a cloister cell (1928)
- Anton Wendling : 3 church windows "Annunciation of Mary" (1927); Glass mosaic on the north wall (1954)
- Hein Wimmer : Tabernacle (with a Pentecost quote from Herman Schell )
- Jupp Rübsam : statue of St. Joseph (1930; lime wood), three figures of the coronation portal of the parish church (St. Augustine, Madonna, St. Monika; 1937–1939; sandstone)
The choir window "Der Auferstandene" by Dieckmann was shown in 1927 at the large jury-free art exhibition in Berlin.
literature
- Johannes Ramackers: Marienthal. History and art of the first German Augustinian monastery. Rhenish picture book No. 6. Augustinus-Verlag, Würzburg 1954.
- Augustinus Winkelmann : On the history of new art and its symbolism in Marienthal , In: Johannes Ramackers: Marienthal. Wuerzburg 1954.
- Bernhard Roßhoff : Augustinus Winkelmann. In: home calendar of the Wesel district. Wesel 1981, pp. 69-76.
- Jutta Pitzen: Jupp Rübsam 1896-1976. In: Life and Work of Lower Rhine Artists, Volume 1. Krefeld 1991.
- 650 years of the Marienthal Abbey Church of St. Mary's Assumption 1345-1995. Festschrift. Marienthal o. J.
- Heinrich Janssen / Udo Grote (ed.): Two millennia history of the church on the Lower Rhine. Munster 2001.
- Martin Segers: The cemetery at the Marienthal monastery church. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2003.
- Martin Segers, Peter Schröder: Marienthal Monastery. Regensburg 2004.
- Martin Segers, Peter Schröder: Marienthal. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, 2009.
- Matthias Brenken: The real light came into the world - the windows of the Marienthal monastery church. Schnell und Steiner publishing house, Regensburg 2010.
- Manuel Hagemann: Hamminkeln-Marienthal - Augustinian Hermits. In: Nordrheinisches Klosterbuch. Vol. 2. Verlag Franz Schmitt, Siegburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-87710-449-1 , pp. 444-449.
- E. Klueting, S. Panzer, Andreas H.Scholten: "Monasticon Carmelitanum".
Web links
Coordinates: 51 ° 43 ′ 54.3 " N , 6 ° 44 ′ 15.5" E