Knot garden

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Knot bed in St Fagans (Wales)
Detail with details from the plan of the Hortus Palatinus

The knot garden emerged as an element of Italian gardens in the Renaissance . Knot ornaments , wickerwork and checkerboard patterns were typical of the beds . The planted patterns resemble garden labyrinths with low borders. In contrast, mazes are to be classified as an independent element of garden art . Knot gardens are mostly found in the UK today .

history

Penelope Hobhouse wants to trace knot patterns back to embroidery patterns, but does not provide any evidence. Ornamental plant patterns can be found in the 16th century by Sebastiano Serlio and Hans Vredeman de Vries . Traditionally, in the node beds Buchs with medicinal and aromatic plants combined, for example Heiligenkraut , germander and Winter savory . However, at the end of the 16th century, this type of planting gave way more and more to the book parterre .

In England from 1500 onwards, herbs were mainly used as edging, for example hyssop , rosemary , thyme and cloves . Dwarf book was only introduced in 1595, holy herb is already documented from a plant book from the time of Elizabeth I , but was still rare.

Knot patterns can be found in the allegorical novel Hypnerotomachia Poliphili from 1499, attributed to Francesco Colonna . The woodcuts in the first edition illustrated various types of tree pruning as well as topiary and bed ornamentation in high artistic quality. Samples can also be found in "La Maison Rustique" by Estienne Liébault , which Gervase Markham would project into English as "The Countrie Farm" in 1616, as well as in Stephen Blake (The compleat gardeners practice, directing the exact way of gardening in three parts: the garden of pleasure, physical garden, kitchin garden: how they are to be ordered for their best situation and improvement, with variety of artificial knots, London, Thomas Pierrepoint 1664).

In England, Rosemary Verey tried in the 1980s to make knot gardens popular as part of the “English classical revival style”.

execution

A distinction is made between open and closed knot beds. Closed knots form a continuous "thread", with open knots individual cutouts are separated by a surrounding low hedge. The open knotted bed was filled with dead material, such as colored gravel, the closed one with flowers. Knot beds were often found under the windows of a mansion as they are best admired from above.

Examples

Historic knot gardens

  • Heidelberg Castle Gardens

Subsequent knot gardens

in Germany
Knot garden of Iburg Castle in Lower Saxony

literature

  • Kristin Lammerting: Node Gardens Blv Buchverlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 3-8354-0440-7 .
  • Ehrenfried Kluckert: Garden Art in Europe . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-8290-6495-0 .
  • Mark Laird: The Formal Garden . Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, Stuttgart 1994, ISBN 3-421-03056-1 .
  • Robin Whalley, Anne Jennings: Knot Gardens and Parterres , A History of the Knot Garden and how to make one today, Barn Elms with the Museum of Garden History 1998, ISBN 1-8995-3104-1
  • Christine Harris, Parterre and knot gardens (small embroidery book with garden ornaments), 2001, ISBN 1863512829
  • Thomas Hill: The Profitable Art of Gardening 1568 Historical Book ; here too

Web links

Commons : Knot gardens  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Penelope Hobhouse, The National Trust, A Book of Gardening. Ideas - Methods - Designs. A practical guide. London, Pavilion, Michael Joseph 1986, 44
  2. ^ Mary Keen 1989, The Glory of the English Garden. Boston, Litte, Brown and Co., Jan.
  3. ^ Penelope Hobhouse, The National Trust, A Book of Gardening. Ideas - Methods - Designs. A practical guide. London, Pavilion, Michael Joseph 1986, 44
  4. ^ Penelope Hobhouse, The National Trust, A Book of Gardening. Ideas - Methods - Designs. A practical guide. London, Pavilion, Michael Joseph 1986, 44
  5. ↑ Helen Attlee, Morville Magic, The English Garden Jan 2013, 50
  6. ↑ Stefanie Adomet: On a stroll in the knot garden . In: Neue Osnabrücker Zeitung of July 27, 2013, Südkreisausgabe p. 25