Kokufu
Kokufu ( Japanese 国 府 ) refers to the capital of the historical provinces of Japan .
history
The Kokufu and the offices of Kokushi, which replaced the older Kuni no Miyatsuko , emerged in the 660s after the Taika reforms in which the entire administration was centralized according to the Chinese model ( Ritsuryō system).
Wamyō Ruijushō , compiled in 935, contains the earliest listing of the capitals of the individual provinces and their localization. The locations of the original capitals of the 8th / 9th centuries Century are not recorded.
After the Shugo (military governors) in the Muromachi period (from the 14th century) were increasingly assigned the tasks of the Kokushi (including the civil governor), the Kokuga lost their importance.
construction
In the center was the provincial administration ( 国 衙 , Kokuga ) with different authorities (administrative, land, finance, police and military office) and the official building of the Kokushi, which is known as Kokuchō ( 国 庁 ). The provincial school ( Kokugaku ), garrison building and store for property taxes were located outside .
When the Shugo replaced the Kokushi, their administration Shugosho ( 守護 所 ) was occasionally located in the buildings or near the Kokuga. In these cases the administration was also called Fuchū ( 府中 ).
In their square plan, the Kokufu followed the capital of Japan , first Fujiwara-kyō and then Heijō-kyō , which in turn was based on the model of the Chinese Tang capital Chang'an . However, with the exception of Dazaifu, which had a special position, they were comparatively small. The capital of the province of Suō had an area of 1 km², that of the province of Bizen 850 m × 850 m (0.7 km²).
Within or near the Kokufu were the highest religious sites of the respective province: the Buddhist provincial temples ( Kokubun-ji ), one each for the monks and nuns, and the Shinto First Shrine ( Ichi-no-miya ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Atsuru Yagi: 国 府 の 成立 と 構造 - 文献 史料 か ら み た - / Formation and Structure of Kokufu (Provincial Capitals) . In: 国立 歴 史 民俗 博物館 研究 報告 / Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History . No. March 10 , 1986, ISSN 0286-7400 , pp. 343 ( English abstract (PDF; 65 kB)). English abstract ( memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Ryō Kinoshita: 古 辞書 類 に 見 る 国 府 所在 郡 に つ い て / Whereabouts of Kokufu (Provincial Capitals) Observed in The Lexicons . In: 国立 歴 史 民俗 博物館 研究 報告 / Bulletin of the National Museum of Japanese History . No. March 10 , 1986, ISSN 0286-7400 , pp. 337 ( English abstract (PDF; 56 kB)). English abstract ( memento of the original from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b c d e Martin Schwind : The Japanese island kingdom . tape 2 : Cultural landscape, economic superpower in a small area. de Gruyter, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-11-008319-1 , p. 69–70 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ Akira Imatani: Muromachi local government: shugo and kokujin . In: Kōzō Yamamura (ed.): The Cambridge History of Japan . Volume 3: Medieval Japan. Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 0-521-22354-7 , pp. 251 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
