Treaty of Kanagawa
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On March 31, 1854, the Treaty of Kanagawa ( Japanese神奈川 条約Kanagawa Jōyaku , or 日 米 和 親 条約Nichibei Washin Jōyaku ) was used by Commodore Matthew Perry of the US Navy to open the Japanese ports of Shimoda and Hakodate as supply bases for Force American ships. This ended Japan's 220 years of isolation policy (sakoku) . The convention also guaranteed the safety of shipwrecked American whalers and established a permanent US consul in Japan.
Although he refused to negotiate with Japanese officials and requested to speak to the Japanese head of state, Perry failed to notice that he was only negotiating with the shogun and not the emperor. At that time, however, the shogun was de facto the ruler of Japan and for the emperor dealing with foreigners would have been inconceivable. After the Kanagawa Treaty was signed, similar agreements were negotiated by Russia and Britain .
This treaty was superseded in 1858 by the " unequal " American-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty (Harris Treaty) , which granted the United States unilaterally concessions in Japan, such as the extraterritoriality of its citizens in Japan and minimized import duties for American goods to Japan.
See also
- Bakumatsu
- English-Japanese friendship treaty
- Morrison incident
- Edict to expel foreign ships
- History of japan
literature
- Morinosuke Kajima: History of Japanese Foreign Relations. Volume 1: From the opening of the country to the Meiji restoration. Steiner, Wiesbaden 1976, ISBN 3-515-02554-5 .
Web links
- EMPIRE OF JAPAN TREATY - Kanagawa, March 31, 1854. - Treaty between the United States of America and the Empire of Japan. ( Memento from May 26, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- The Treaty of Amity and Commerce Between the United States and Japan, 1858 (The Harris Treaty) - The American-Japanese Friendship and Trade Treaty 1858 (Harris Treaty) ( Memento of May 5, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (English)