Shimoda

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Shimoda-shi
下田 市
Shimoda
Geographical location in Japan
Shimoda (Japan)
Red pog.svg
Region : Chūbu
Prefecture : Shizuoka
Coordinates : 34 ° 41 '  N , 138 ° 57'  E Coordinates: 34 ° 40 '46 "  N , 138 ° 56' 43"  E
Basic data
Surface: 104.67 km²
Residents : 21,015
(October 1, 2019)
Population density : 201 inhabitants per km²
Community key : 22219-4
Symbols
Flag / coat of arms:
Flag / coat of arms of Shimoda
Tree : Prunus speciosa
Flower : Garden hydrangea
town hall
Address : Shimoda City Hall
1 - 5 - 18 , Hongō
Shimoda -shi
Shizuoka  415-8501
Website URL: http://www.city.shimoda.shizuoka.jp
Location of Shimodas in Shizuoka Prefecture
Location of Shimodas in the prefecture

Shimoda ( Japanese 下田 市 , -shi ) is a city and a seaport in Shizuoka Prefecture in Japan . Shimoda is also known for its yellow daffodils .

geography

Shimoda is located south of the cities of Itō and Atami on the Izu Peninsula .

history

Finds from the Jōmon period show that Shimoda was already settled in prehistoric times.

During the Sengoku period , Shimoda was controlled by the noble Hōjō family . Under the Tokugawa shogunate , Shimoda was considered Tenryo territory that was administered directly by the shogun. During the Edo period , Shimoda's port developed into an important port of call for coastal ships between Osaka and Edo .

On March 31, 1854 , under the Treaty of Kanagawa , Commodore Matthew Perry forced the opening of the ports of Shimoda and Hakodate . The forced opening marks the beginning of trade relations between Japan and the United States . With this opening, Japan's 200-year policy of isolation ended . In addition, the treaty granted the Americans a permanent consulate in Japan. The first consulate was opened in Shimoda, in the Gyokusen-ji temple , under the direction of the consul Townsend Harris .

On February 7, 1855, the Treaty of Shimoda was signed in the Chōraku-ji Temple . The treaty explains for the first time diplomatic relations between Japan and Imperial Russia and regulated trade, shipping and border relations .

In June 1859, with the opening of the port of Yokohama , the port of Shimoda was closed. At the same time, the American consulate was relocated to Edo , to the Zenpuku-ji temple .

After the Meiji Restoration , Shimoda came under the control of the short-lived Kikuma domain in 1868 and the equally entertaining Ashigara Prefecture from 1871. The Ashigara Prefecture was divided between the Kanagawa and Shizuoka prefectures in 1876. In the land registry reform of 1889, Shimoda was officially incorporated into the Kamo district.

During the late phase of World War II , Shimoda was the target of bombing by US forces in 1945.

The present-day town of Shimoda (Japanese Shimoda-shi ) was created in March 1955 by merging the villages of Shimoda-cho, Hamasaki-mura, Shirahama - mura, Shusuzawa-mura and Asahi-mura.

traffic

Shimoda can be reached via national roads 135, 136 and 414. The Izukyū-Shimoda station is the terminus of the Izu-Kyūkō line to Itō . The Shimoda cable car leads to the Nesugatayama observation mountain.

City or flower partnership

  • City partnership:
  • Flower partnership:
    • Nagai , Yamagata Prefecture

sons and daughters of the town

Others

  • The book Die Judith von Shimoda by Bertolt Brecht tells the story of the singer and geisha Okichi Saito. The plot is based on one of the most popular stories from recent Japanese history. The historical context of the work takes place in the port city of Shimoda, examines the forced opening of Japan and, using Okichi's example, shows a tragic heroic fate in which she sacrificed herself for her hometown Shimoda.
  • The Mikomotoshima lighthouse was completed in 1870 by the British engineer Richard Henry Brunton. It is currently the oldest working lighthouse in Japan and a national monument.

Web links

Commons : Shimoda  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Fodor's: Fodor's Japan, 1986 . In: Fodor's Series . Fodor's Travel Guides, 1986, pp. 275 .
  2. ^ Gina Lee Barnes: Protohistoric Yamato: archeology of the first Japanese state , Edition 78, Published jointly by the University of Michigan, Center for Japanese Studies and the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1988, p. 118
  3. ↑ Kōtsū Kōsha, Unʾyushō, Kankōkyoku, Tetsudōshō: Japan, the Official Guide , Japan Traavel Bureau: 1966, p. 444
  4. ^ New Japan, Volume 2, Mainichi Publishing Company, 1949
  5. ^ Ernest Mason Satow: The Cambridge Modern History , Cambridge 1909, Macmillan, 829
  6. ↑ Louis-Frédéric: Japan Encyclopedia, Harvard University Press: 2002, p. 270
  7. ^ Edgar Franz: Philipp Franz Von Siebold and Russian Policy and Action on Opening Japan to the West in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century , Iudicium Verlag, 2005, p. 84
  8. ↑ Hamish Ion: American Missionaries, Christian Oyatoi, and Japan 1859-73 , UBC Press Vancouver, 2010, p. 17
  9. ↑ Akhtar Malik: Survey of Buddhist Temples and Monasteries , Anmol Publications, 2007, p. 179
  10. ↑ http://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/787951/232 - Meiji 4 Decree Proclamation No. 594, National Diet Library Modern Digital Library
  11. ↑ Jonathan L. Black-Branch, Dieter Fleck: Nuclear Non-Proliferation in International Law , Springer Verlag, 2014 Volume 1, page 118
  12. ↑ http://www.baaa-acro.com/1958/archives/crash-of-a-douglas-dc-3-in-shimoda-33-killed/  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: Der Link was automatically marked as broken. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives (B3A): Crash of a Douglas DC-3 in Shimoda: 33 killed, accessed June 22, 2017@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.baaa-acro.com