Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Marcel
The Marcel hard coal mine (Polish Kopalnia Węgla Kamiennego Marcel; German Emmagrube ) is an active hard coal mine of Polska Grupa Górnicza in Radlin , Poland. From this new company, the previously independent mine was integrated into the newly created ROW mine (Rybnicki Okręg Węglowy) on July 1, 2016 .
history
Emmagrube until 1922
The hard coal mining in the area of Radlin developed relatively late, i. H. Only from the middle of the 19th century On October 14, 1858 , the first field in the Emmagrube was awarded to Franz Stahler. But only after the latter had brought his field property into a trade union, the majority of which was owned by the entrepreneur Friedrich Grundmann, the "Mauve" and "Grundmann" shafts were sunk in 1883 and coal mining began. In 1892 the fields "Mariahilf" in Biertułtowy and "Christmas Eve" in Radlin were added and the mine reached an area of 2.19 km².
Since the mine with 598 employees (including 42 women) only produced 160,439 tons in 1892, an investor was sought to expand and modernize the mine. One found him in the entrepreneur and lawyer Fritz von Friedländer-Fuld . In 1903, it created the “Rybnik coal union” in Berlin, of which Walther Rathenau was a member. She also owned the Johann-Jakob / Römer and Anna mines .
In the years up to 1912, levels of 126 m, 199 m and 400 m depth were excavated and six seams of the Ostrauer layers with a total thickness of 14.6 m were mined. Due to the high methane content of seams II, IV and VI, several weather shafts leading to these layers were built, which sucked off the gases with goose or rate fans .
In 1903 the Grundmannschacht received an iron headframe. The alignment of the 400 m level made it necessary to set up an electrical control center and to renew and expand the separation and laundry facilities. In addition, a coking plant (today an independent company of JSW-Koks SS) was installed next to the pit and equipped with ovens from the "Otto" system.
In 1914 the "Mauveschacht" was sunk to a depth of 600 m and received a shaft tower with a shaft hall designed by the architect Hans Poelzig , which has been preserved to this day. The headframe has an electric hoisting machine in its head.
The mine workings were consistent with those of the neighboring Johann-Jakob mine ( Roman mine ) and in the meantime the association of both mines was called Emma and Römer .
The period from 1922 to 1945
The mine was on the Polish side when Upper Silesia was partitioned in 1922. Therefore, the company headquarters was relocated from Berlin to Katowice , the name of the union was changed to “Rybnickiego Gwarectwa Węglowego” and the “Mauve” shafts were renamed “Wictor” and “Grundmann” to “Anthony”. In place of her father von Friedländer-Fuld, who died in 1917, Marie-Anne von Goldschmidt-Rothschild entered the leadership of the new union as an heir.
In 1923 work began on the construction of the “Marklowice” shaft, which was temporarily interrupted in 1928 due to the strong water inflow. In 1938 the " Jedłownik I" shaft was sunk . In addition, the mine received a new coal washing plant during this period.
During the Second World War, the mine belonged to the Rybnik (II) group of the Reichswerke Hermann Göring . In the winter of 1944, the National Socialists fell alive into the “Reden” weather shaft (230 m depth) belonging to the Emmagrube . The Wikipedia page Schacht Reden is dedicated to commemorating the victims .
CHP Marcel
On April 27, 1949, the colliery was named after him in honor of the communist activist Józef Kolorz (1900–1938) who worked on Emma and was nicknamed Marcel.
From 1945 to 1982 the mine belonged to the Rybnickie Zjednoczenie Przemysłu Węglowego, from 1984 to 1988 to that of Rybnik-Jastrzębie and is now part of the "Polska Grupa Górnicza" (PGG).
The post-war period was a time of modernization and expansion of the mine. First, a new shaft with a depth of 1000 m, shaft "Julia" / III, was sunk and equipped with two conveyor runs. “Antony” (now with a concrete headframe) and “Jedłownik” were also sunk deeper.
In 1995 the merger of the mines 1 Maja and Marcel under the name Marcel in Wodzisław Śląski was ordered , but 1 Maja was closed in 2001. Parts of his construction site as well as those of the also closed Rymer mine were closed to Marcel , which increased the rights to 57.37 km².
In addition to coal, the mine also extracts lead and has its extraction points in Radlett, Wodzisław Śląski , Rybnik- Niedobczyce , Marklowice , Mszana and Świerklany .
Although the headquarters, three shafts and numerous daytime facilities are located in Radlin today, the current focus of funding is in the area of the “Marklowice” mine with shafts I (cableway and material) and II (moving in and out weather shaft). Marklowice is connected to the central system on the 290 m and 700 m levels.
The three shafts of the central system have the following depths and functions: "Antony" (formerly "Grundmann") and "Wictor" (formerly "Mauve") Ropeway and material transport for the floors at 400, 600 and 800 m depth, and III ("Julia “) As a conveyor shaft. Because of the breakthroughs to the Marklowice facility, this shaft also serves as an emergency exit for the miners working there. 400 m from the main facility on the national road 78 is an extending weather shaft IV / “Bartek” with a drive that is neither suitable for the transport of people nor material.
Funding figures
1892: 160,439 t; 1912: 672,863 t; 1923: 1.30 million t; 1938: 1.25 million t; 1943: 1.45 million t; 1979: 2.59 million t
present
Today (as of May 2017) with 2868 employees, the mine produces 10,000 tonnes of coal a day, both thermal and coking coal. The thermal coal is extracted in Marklowice and is characterized by a very low ash content; the coking coal comes from Marcel himself's old construction site.
Today, the Marcel mine can work very successfully economically, because the deposit conditions in Marklowice are very favorable, the coal from there no longer via Marcel's shaft III, but via a 2 km long band mountain from the 400 m level directly to shaft 3 Days and the processing is very efficient. The belt between Marklowice and Marcel is powered by three 860 kW electric motors and can transport 20,000 t per day. With the construction of this band mountain, the greatest bottleneck in production, the limitation of the production capacity of shaft III, could be overcome. Since then, only the coking coal extracted from the old construction site has been lifted to the surface via the northern extraction of Shaft III with skips.
Since this deposit is expected to be exhausted soon, it is planned to lift around 9500 tonnes per day from Rydułtowy via the northern production of Shaft III from 2019 and process it on site. On April 5, 2020, the first buddy in Poland tested positive for the novel corona virus in the state mine. As a result, the COVID-19 pandemic spread unchecked throughout the Silesian coal region.
swell
- Yearbook for the Upper Mining District Wroclaw . Phoenix Publishing House. Katowice, Breslau, Berlin. 1913. Digitized version at http://www.dbc.wroc.pl/dlibra/publication?id=3349&tab=3 (last accessed on June 30, 2017)
- Jerzy Jaros. Słownik historyczny kopalń węgla na ziemiach polskich . Katowice 1984.
- Kurt König: The coal mining in Upper Silesia from 1945–1955 . Scientific contributions to the history and regional studies of Eastern Central Europe. Published by the Johann Gottfried Herder Institute. Marburg 1958.
- Damian Recław: Przemysł górnego śląska na dawnej fotografii . Muzeum w Gliwice, 2015.
- NZZ: Poland's coal mines turn out to be corona slingshots, May 22, 2020
Web links
- The "ZZG w Polske" runs an Internet presentation on the past and present of the mine at http://zzgmarcel.pl/index_marcel.php (accessed on June 30, 2017)
Individual evidence
- ^ Reclaw. Przemysł gornego. P. 146.
- ^ Yearbook of the Oberbergamt. P. 450 .; Year differs from Recław p. 146
- ↑ Yearbook Oberbergamt, p. 450.
- ^ Reclaw. Przemysł gornego. P. 146.
Coordinates: 50 ° 2 ′ 30.3 " N , 18 ° 29 ′ 13.2" E