Koppers-Totzek reactor
The Koppers-Totzek reactor is a gasifier for the pressureless entrained flow gasification of fine coal developed in the 1940s by Friedrich Totzek, a senior engineer at the Koppers company . The reactor was first used in a commercial operation in 1952.
principle
The Koppers-Totzek reactor is a pressureless direct-current gasifier for the gasification of finely ground coal . All types of coal are used; no further pre-treatment of the coal is necessary.
The fine coal with a grain size of less than 0.1 millimeters is fed into the reactor from the side with water and oxygen at high speed. High speeds are necessary to avoid a flashback of the flame . The residence time of the coal in the reactor is only a few seconds. The raw gas leaves the reactor at the top, the ash falls in liquid form in the bottom of the reactor and is granulated in a water bath. The water bath at the bottom of the reactor also serves as a gas barrier for the reaction gases. The carburetor is equipped with a cooling water jacket in which low-pressure steam is generated.
The system is designed as a two- or four-head carburetor. The flames generated in the heads deflect each other upwards. The coal is gasified in a flue dust flame at temperatures of 1600 to 1800 ° C. The gas temperature at the reactor outlet is still 1500 ° C. There is quench injected water, to lower the temperature to about 900 ° C and to avoid caking of the liquid ash. In the downstream tube cooler, high pressure steam is generated.
Because of the high temperatures, there are no condensable components. A typical gas composition is 60% carbon monoxide , 33% hydrogen , 6% carbon dioxide and 1% other gases. The proportion of methane is below 0.1%.
In a comparison of fluidized bed , fixed bed and fly ash processes, the Koppers-Totzek reactor has the highest specific capacity per unit volume. Further developments of the Koppers-Totzek process, which work under pressure, allow throughputs of 15 tons of coal per cubic meter of reactor volume and hour.
literature
- Karl-Heinz Schmidt, Ingo Romey, Fritz Mensch: Coal, oil, natural gas: chemistry and technology. Vogel, Würzburg 1981, ISBN 3-8023-0684-8 .
- Wilhelm Keim , Arno Behr , Günter Schmitt: Basics of industrial chemistry: Technical products and processes. Salle u. a., Frankfurt am Main (inter alia) 1986, ISBN 3-7935-5490-2 .
Web links
- Report on Koppers-Totzek coal gasification on ZEIT.de , accessed on August 22, 2010
Individual evidence
- ↑ Hydrogen production by splitting water with biomass and coal (PDF; 879 kB), H. Schmieder, E. Henrich, E. Dinjus, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe