Diptam Dost
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Diptam Dost ( Origanum dictamnus ) |
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The Origanum dictamnus ( Origanum dictamnus ), also Cretan Diptam , Dittam , Diktam or Diktamnos called, is a species of the genus Dost ( Origanum ) into the family of Lamiaceae (Lamiaceae). In Greek it is called "Δίκταμο" (Díktamo, Katharevousa : Díktamon), in the Cretan dialect "Έρωντας" ( Érontas , "love"). The diptam dost is related to the oregano or dost ( Origanum vulgare ), which is also widespread in Central Europe .
description
The leaves of the Diptam-Dost are reddish when young, later green and covered with a furry down. The plant can reach a height of 40 cm and blooms from April to June pink to purple-red.
Distribution and location
The diptam dost grows endemically on the Greek Mediterranean island of Crete . The habitats are spread over the limestone areas of the whole island with an accumulation in the western part. The plant thrives on limestone rock walls, in crevices, on gravel and on the bottom of gorges from sea level to 1900 m and is mostly in shadows.
Hazards and protective measures
The IUCN lists this species as ( Near Threatened ) potentially endangered. The reasons for this are excessive collection of wild stocks for use as medicine. This species is grown in culture to protect stocks.
Taxonomy and Etymology
The Diptam-Dost was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum .
The name of the plant is probably derived from the Greek words “Dikti” and “thamnos”, meaning shrub or bush that grows in / on the Diktigebirge. The Latinized name Dictamnus was also used by Linné for the diptame from the rhombus family.
use
Diktam is considered a universal medicinal herb. Diktam infusions are said to promote wound healing, while Diktam tea alleviates digestive problems. Ancient Greek doctors believed that Diktam could cure all diseases. The herb was also known as "Artemideion", which can be traced back to Artemis , the goddess of childbirth and new life . Infusions of Diktam in water or wine should make the birth easier.
The smell and taste are strong and similar to wild marjoram . Diktam and its mixtures with other herbs such as the Syrian hilt and the Greek sage are available today all over the island of Crete ( "Cretan mountain tea") and are exported.
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Since the natural population is falling despite nature conservation measures (the plant is still collected in the main occurrence area in the administrative district of Chania due to rare and difficult controls) and the demand from the rest of Europe is increasing, Diktam is now also cultivated. There are fields near Ano Viannos where the pink to violet flowering herb is grown. The plant is also cultivated as a medicinal herb in some monasteries on the island of Crete and in some gardens. The herb is collected shortly before flowering in May to June.
myth
In the 1st century, Dioscurides and Pliny reported that wild goats and deer in Crete, which were hit by a hunter's arrow, immediately ran to a place where this herb grew to eat. The arrow immediately falls out of the injured animal and the wound closes. This information was adopted in the 4th century by the author of Pseudo-Apuleius .
In Virgil's Aeneid , Venus heals the Trojan hero Aeneas with Diktam.
literature
- Robert P. Adams: Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography / Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy. 3. Edition. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Springs, Illinois 2001, ISBN 0-931710-85-5 .
- Hellmut Baumann: The Greek flora in myth, art and literature. Hirmer, Munich 1982, ISBN 3-7774-3370-5 .
- AM Bosabalidis: Morphometric evaluation of inclusion body-containing leucoplasts in leaf epidermal cells of Origanum dictamnus L. In: Botanica Helvetica. Volume 97, No. 2, 1987, pp. 315-322, doi: 10.5169 / seals-67875 .
- Maria Couladis, Olga Tzakou, Evmorfia Verykokidou, Catherine Harvala: Screening of some Greek aromatic plants for antioxidant activity. In: Phytotherapy Research . Volume 17, No. 2, 2003, pp. 194-195, doi: 10.1002 / ptr.1261 .
- Costas Economakis, Costas Demetzos, Thalia Anastassaki, Veronika Papazoglou, Maria Gazouli, Angyris Loukis, Costas A. Thanos, Caterina Harvala: Volatile constituents of bracts and leaves of wild and cultivated Origanum dictamnus. In: Planta Medica . Volume 65, No. 2, 1999, pp. 189-191, doi: 10.1055 / s-2006-960466 .
- Jan Hendrik Ietswaart: A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Origanum (Labiatae) (= Leiden Botanical Series. Volume 4). Ph.D. Thesis, Leiden University, The Hague 1980, ISBN 90-6021-464-1 .
- S. Katsiotis, GN Oikonomou: Comparative study of different specimens of Origanum dictamnus L. grown in the wild and cultivated in Crete . In: Scientia Pharmaceutica. Volume 54, 1986, pp. 49-52 ( PDF file ).
- Pizurki H. Mangay-Maglacas: The Traditional Birth Attendant in Seven Countries (= Public health papers. Volume 75), World Health Organization, Geneva 1981, ISBN 92-4-130075-2 .
- Gerhard Schaden, Carmen Hesse: About the essential oil of the Cretan dictam. In: Monthly magazine for chemistry. Volume 107, No. 4, 1976, pp. 929-931, doi: 10.1007 / BF00904479 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Oliver Rackham, Jennifer Moody: The making of the Cretan landscape . Manchester University Press, Manchester, New York 1996, ISBN 0-7190-3647-X , pp. 56 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ A b c d Nicholas J. Turland, Lance Chilton, J. Robert Press: Flora of the Cretan Area. Annotated Checklist and Atlas . The Natural History Museum and HMSO, London 1993, ISBN 0-11-310043-4 , pp. 97, 287 (English).
- ↑ Ralf Jahn, Peter Schönfelder: Excursion flora for Crete . With contributions by Alfred Mayer and Martin Scheuerer. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1995, ISBN 3-8001-3478-0 , p. 266 .
- ↑ a b Origanum dictamnus in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2013.2. Posted by: Penilopi Delipetrou & Iannis Bazos, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2014.
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 589 ( digitized version ).
- ^ Dioscurides , 1st century, De materia medica, Book III, Chapter 34 (Berendes 1902, p. 284) Ub Uni Düsseldorf
- ↑ Pliny , 1st century, Naturalis historia , Book XXV, § 92-94 (Chapters LII-LIII). Latin online edition Chicago
- ↑ Pseudo-Apuleius , 4th century (first printing Rome 1481, chapter 64) BZB Munich
- ↑ Kai Brodersen . Apuleius, Heilkräuterbuch / Herbarius , Latin and German. Marix, Wiesbaden 2015, p. 211: Concordance on Pliny Naturalis Historia: 62.3 ~ 8.97; 62.3 ~ 25.92
- ^ Virgil, Aeneid Book XII, 411-419.
further reading
- Christos C. Liolios, Konstantia Graikou, Eleni Skaltsa, Ioanna Chinou: Dittany of Crete: a botanical and ethnopharmacological review. In: Journal of Ethnopharmacology . Volume 131, No. 2, 2010, pp. 229-241, doi: 10.1016 / j.jep.2010.06.005 .
