Crusade Tenth
The crusade tithe was a tithe used to finance a crusade . Such a tithe could not only be raised in favor of a crusade to the Orient, but also in favor of a crusade against Christians, if, for example, B. were political opponents of the papacy. The war of the Angiovinen (the supporters of the House of Anjou ) against Aragón in Sicily following the Sicilian Vespers was financed by a papal crusade tithe.
Example diocese of Constance
As a detailed example, the elevation of the crusade tithe in the diocese of Constance is described below, which was raised in the years 1274 to 1280 by all recipients of church benefices . The Liber decimationis was created for him . The basis for this was a resolution at the Second Council of Lyon in 1274 to finance a crusade to the Holy Land , which then did not materialize. In the diocese of Constance this tithe was due for the first time on St. John's Day in 1274.
The tithe was payable every six months and amounted to ten percent of the annual income. The amount of the payment was determined by the taxed person according to his oath self-declaration. Collectors were the capital deans of the diocese under the supervision of the archdeacons . The diocese of Constance was split into two for this purpose. One part was under the supervision of Domdekan Walko, the other under Provost Heinrich von St. Stefan in Konstanz.
One reason for the levying of the tax in the Diocese of Constance was that in the reign of Pope Gregory X, the Habsburg Rudolf I was German Emperor and his cousin Rudolf II was Bishop of Constance.
If the tithe was not paid , an episcopal ban was threatened. Anyone who could not pay on the set date was obliged to give a deposit or provide a surety.
Exempt from the crusade tithe were:
- Crusaders
- Johanniter and German lords
- Cistercians , who often appeared as field preachers and made pilgrimages
- Dominicans and Minorites preaching in town and country for the crusade
- Hospital churches
- Clergymen whose benefices were under six marks or ten pounds pfennigs a year
literature
- Dieter Göpfert: The diocese of Constance - around 600 to 1821 - history and significance . Ernst Knoblauch printing works, Markdorf BW 2005.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jonathan Riley-Smith : Crusades . In: Lexicon of the Middle Ages . Metzler-Verlag, Stuttgart, Volume V, Section C. IV. 2.