Kybartai
| Kybartai | |||
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| State : |
 Lithuania
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| District : | Marijampolė | ||
| Rajong municipality : | Vilkaviškis | ||
| Coordinates : | 54 ° 38 ′ N , 22 ° 45 ′ E | ||
| Inhabitants (place) : | 5,631 (2011) | ||
| Time zone : | EET (UTC + 2) | ||
| Postal code : | LT-70065 | ||
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Kybartai , Polish Kibarty , German outdated Kibarten , is a city in Lithuania on the border with the Russian Kaliningrad Oblast , in the north of the former Prussian province of East Prussia . Between the Lithuanian Kybartai and the Russian Chernyshevskoje ( Eydtkuhnen or 1938–45 Eydtkau ) is the most important road and rail border crossing of the Russian exclave for land traffic with the heartland.
The city ( miesto ) has 5631 inhabitants and is the seat of the homonymous regional office ( kaimo seniūnija ) of the district municipality of Vilkaviškis , which belonged to the Marijampolė district from 1994 to 2010 .
history
The place was founded as part of the colonization efforts of Queen Bona Sforza , wife of King Sigismund I of Poland . In 1561 the village is mentioned in the cadastre of Jurbarkas and Virbalis .
The Peace of Lake Melno in 1422 confirmed that the area belonged to Poland-Lithuania . From the Third Partition of Poland to the Peace of Tilsit in 1809, the place belonged to the newly created province of South Prussia of the Kingdom of Prussia , then until 1815 to the Duchy of Warsaw created by Napoleon . Its border in the south of Lithuania was retained when, at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, a Kingdom of Poland, bound in personal union to Russia, was created. Its autonomy was increasingly restricted until it became part of the Russian Vistula governorates.
When the first connection between the European standard gauge network ( Prussian Eastern Railway ) and the Russian broad gauge network ( Petersburg-Warsaw Railway ) was established in 1851, the Russian border station built near Kybartai was initially named after the neighboring town of Virbalis , whose German version of the name Wirballen went down in railway history.
Since the railway line opened, Kybartai has outstripped old Virbalis. In 1919 it received city rights. The station has been called Kybartai since around that time. A large part of the newcomers that the place gained in its boom were Jews.
Since the proclamation of a new, independent Lithuania on February 16, 1918, the area has belonged to the Republic of Lithuania or the Lithuanian Soviet Republic, interrupted by the German occupation between 1941 and 1944.
The once representative station building was badly damaged in World War II and restored in a simpler form.
Personalities
- Isaac Ilich Levitan (born August 18, Isaac Levitan, Yitzchak Levitan jul. / 30th August 1860 greg. † July 22 jul. / 4. August 1900 greg. ), Russian landscape painter
- Emil Młynarski (* July 18, 1870, † April 5, 1935), Polish composer, founder of the Polish National Philharmonic in Warsaw
- Jakob Mesenblum (* 1895, † 1933), Lithuanian painter
- Harald Serafin (born December 24, 1931), Austrian chamber singer and artistic director
- Inga Valinskienė (born July 8, 1966), Lithuanian singer and politician
Web links
- Detailed presentation of the history of Kybartai in the 19th and 20th centuries in English in the virtual Jewish museum http://www.jewishgen.org
- Photo of today's Kybartai train station with old arched windows and a new roof
Individual evidence
- ↑ 2011 census. Statistics Departamentas (Lithuania), accessed on August 2, 2017 .