Soluble adenylyl cyclase
| Soluble adenylyl cyclase | ||
|---|---|---|
| other names |
Adenylate cyclase type 10 |
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Existing structural data: see Uniprot |
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| Mass / length primary structure | 43.9 to 187.1 kilodaltons / 372 to 1610 amino acids (depending on isoform) | |
| Isoforms | 4th | |
| Identifier | ||
| Gene name (s) | ADCY10 SAC; HCA2; SACI; Sacy; hsAC; HEL-S-7a | |
| External IDs | ||
| Orthologue | ||
| human | House mouse | |
| Entrez | 55811 | 271639 |
| Ensemble | ENSG00000143199 | ENSMUSG00000026567 |
| UniProt | Q96PN6 | Q8C0T9 |
| Refseq (mRNA) | NM_018417 | NM_173029 |
| Refseq (protein) | NP_060887 | NP_766617 |
| Gene locus | Chr 1: 167.81 - 167.92 Mb | Chr 1: 165.48 - 165.58 Mb |
| PubMed search | 55811 |
271639
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The soluble adenylyl cyclase ( English soluble adenylyl cyclase , sAC, AC Isoform X, adcy10) is a special isoform of the adenylyl cyclase from mammals, which is involved in the cellular signal transduction .
properties
As an enzyme of the adenylyl cyclase type, it generates cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Like the nine transmembrane adeylyl cyclases of mammals, the sAC belongs to class III of the nucleotidyl cyclases, the members of which have catalytic domains which are homologous in terms of sequence and structure. Due to its isoform-specific activator binding site, sAC is regulated by bicarbonate and is therefore dependent on the dissolved carbon dioxide in different cellular organelles and indirectly on the pH value there . In contrast, in contrast to membrane-bound adenylyl cyclases, sAC is not regulated by heterotrimeric G proteins . Furthermore, sAC leads through its pH-dependency to a coupling of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation and to a regulation of the CFTR . In contrast to isoforms I-IX, sAC (isoform X) has no transmembrane regions and it can be found in various locations in the cell, e.g. B. in the nucleus and in mitochondria . In mitochondria, sAC is believed to be the only cAMP-producing enzyme. In endothelial cells of the heart and heart muscle cells, sAC is involved in the regulation of apoptosis .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Clemens Steegborn: Structure, mechanism, and regulation of soluble adenylyl cyclases - similarities and differences to transmembrane adenylyl cyclases . In: Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta . tape 1842 , 12 Pt B, December 2014, p. 2535-2547 , doi : 10.1016 / j.bbadis.2014.08.012 , PMID 25193033 .
- ↑ Silke Kleinboelting, Ana Diaz, Sebastien Moniot, Joop van den Heuvel, Michael Weyand: Crystal structures of human soluble adenylyl cyclase reveal mechanisms of catalysis and of its activation through bicarbonate . In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences . tape 111 , no. 10 , March 11, 2014, p. 3727-3732 , doi : 10.1073 / pnas.1322778111 , PMID 24567411 , PMC 3956179 (free full text).
- ↑ N. Rahman, J. Buck, LR Levin: pH sensing via bicarbonate-regulated "soluble" adenylyl cyclase (sAC). In: Frontiers in physiology. Volume 4, 2013, p. 343, doi: 10.3389 / fphys.2013.00343 , PMID 24324443 , PMC 3838963 (free full text).
- ↑ SG Straub, GW Sharp: Evolving insights regarding mechanisms for the inhibition of insulin release by norepinephrine and heterotrimeric G proteins. In: American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology. Volume 302, number 12, June 2012, pp. C1687 – C1698, doi: 10.1152 / ajpcell.00282.2011 , PMID 22492651 , PMC 3378079 (free full text).
- ↑ JC Chang, RP Oude-Elferink: Role of the bicarbonate-responsive soluble adenylyl cyclase in pH sensing and metabolic regulation. In: Frontiers in physiology. Volume 5, 2014, p. 42, doi: 10.3389 / fphys.2014.00042 , PMID 24575049 , PMC 3918592 (free full text).
- ↑ M. Tresguerres, LR Levin, J. Buck: Intracellular cAMP signaling by soluble adenylyl cyclase. In: Kidney International . Volume 79, number 12, June 2011, pp. 1277-1288, doi: 10.1038 / ki.2011.95 , PMID 21490586 , PMC 3105178 (free full text).
- ^ F. Valsecchi, LS Ramos-Espiritu, J. Buck, LR Levin, G. Manfredi: cAMP and mitochondria. In: Physiology (Bethesda, Md.). Volume 28, number 3, May 2013, pp. 199-209, doi: 10.1152 / physiol.00004.2013 , PMID 23636265 , PMC 3870303 (free full text).
- ^ J. Chen, LR Levin, J. Buck: Role of soluble adenylyl cyclase in the heart. In: American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology. Volume 302, number 3, February 2012, pp. H538 – H543, doi: 10.1152 / ajpheart.00701.2011 , PMID 22058150 , PMC 3353791 (free full text).