Lübeck bishop's court
The bishop's court was the Lübeck curia and for a long time the residence of the bishops of Lübeck .
location
The bishop 's court occupied today's property Domkirchhof 2–6, located directly opposite the cathedral , on which part of the secondary school to the cathedral and a neighboring elementary school are located today .
history
The oldest written evidence for the existence of the bishop's court relates to the reigning bishop Bochholt from 1317 to 1341 , who had a large stone house built there. However, structural findings during demolition work in 1887 (see below) indicate that Bochholt expanded or converted an already existing building. In the 15th century, Bishop Sachau built another large stone house with an explicitly mentioned chapel with a vaulted ceiling , as well as a long stone house in which the accommodations for his entourage and the stables were located.
As early as 1350, the Lübeck bishops no longer resided in the city itself, but preferred the Eutin Castle , where, in contrast to the Free Imperial City of Lübeck, they themselves represented the authorities as prince-bishops . After the Reformation , the bishop's court lost its importance and was only used as an occasional accommodation. After the end of the Lübeck bishopric in the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss , the bishop's court passed into private ownership in 1804 and was demolished in 1819, except for a farm wing that connected the two main buildings and which was probably the long stone house of Bishop Sachau. In 1850 the cathedral school moved into the bishop's court. In 1887 this last structure was also torn down, as the land was needed for the construction of the new school building. The remains of a monumental wall painting were discovered on the outer wall facing the cathedral , which could be dated to the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries. This find showed that the original building must have existed before Bishop Bochholt's term in office. The painting, also called Catalogus episcoporum lubicensium , a life-size depiction of the earliest bishops of Lübeck that is occasionally mentioned in documents, was part of the design of the auditorium on the ground floor of Bochholt's stone house . This also made it clear that the wing facing the cathedral must have been Bochholt's building, while the other wing was built by Sachau.
architecture
The appearance of the bishop's court is essentially passed down through two pictorial representations. Elias Diebel's monumental city view from 1552 shows the building complex in front of the cathedral distorted by opposing perspectives, but in an individual representation. The two main buildings from the 14th and 15th centuries and the connecting service wing are clearly recognizable. The small bell tower mentioned in some ancient sources is also shown. The buildings have the stepped gables typical of town houses .
The other important depiction was made by an unknown artist in 1818, a year before the main building was demolished, and gives an impression of the final state of the complex. The stepped gables have disappeared, and hip roofs have replaced them . The exact structural relationships between the individual parts of the building are not entirely clear from the picture, as the artist had difficulties in applying a consistent perspective, especially with the nested extensions on the far right.
literature
- Max Hasse : The Lübeck bishop's court. In: Paul Brockhaus (ed.): Der Wagen 1963. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1963, pp. 18-22.
- Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns : The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck. Issued by the building authorities. Volume III: Church of Old Lübeck. Dom. Jakobikirche. Aegidia Church. Publishing house by Bernhard Nöhring, Lübeck 1920, pp. 302f.
Coordinates: 53 ° 51 ′ 40 ″ N , 10 ° 41 ′ 14 ″ E