Lamp cleaner grasses

Lamp cleaner grasses
	Australian pennisetum ( Pennisetum alopecuroides )
Systematics
	Monocots
	Commelinids
Order :	Sweet grass (Poales)
Family :	Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily :	Panicoideae
Genre :	Lamp cleaner grasses
Scientific name
	Pennisetum
	Rich.

Pennisetum glaucum

Pennisetum pedicellatum , inflorescence

Pennisetum polystachion , inflorescence

The Pennisetum ( Pennisetum ), also called "spring bristle grasses" are a genus of grasses with about 80 species that are distributed mainly in tropical regions. Some species are used as food crops and count among the millets , many others are used as ornamental grasses .

As ornamental grasses, these plant species are mainly grown because of their brush-like inflorescences that appear in summer and autumn. They are mainly used in flower shops, where they are used in both fresh bouquets and dry flower arrangements. Some of the frost-hardy have also found distribution in Central Europe as garden plants. One of them is pennon cleaner grass , which is also available as "feather bristle grass" or "Australian lamp cleaner grass" in specialist garden shops. Pearl millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) is used as a grain .

In August 2017, the European Union added African pennon cleaner grass ( Pennisetum setaceum ) to its list of invasive alien species. This also results in a ban on selling, releasing and keeping the plant in private gardens.

Systematics

The list of the genus by the French botanist Louis Claude Marie Richard was published in 1805. Some authors include the species in the genus Cenchrus . Within the sweet grass family (Poaceae) the genus is placed in the subfamily Panicoideae and in turn in the tribe Paniceae. Here is a selection of species according to GRIN:

Australian Pennisetum ( Pennisetum alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. , Syn .: Cenchrus alopecuroides (L.) Thunb. ): It occurs from China to temperate East Asia, in India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines and Australia .
Pennisetum bambusiforme (E. Fourn.) Hemsl. ex BDJacks. (Syn .: Cenchrus preslii (Kunth) ined.): It occurs from Mexico to Venezuela and western South America.
Pennisetum basedowii Summerh. & CEHubb. (Syn .: Cenchrus basedowii (Summerh. & CEHubb.) Morrone ): It occurs in northern and north-central Australia.
Pennisetum chilense (E. Desv.) BDJacks. ex RE Fr. (Syn .: Cenchrus chilensis (É.Desv.) Morrone ): It occurs from Peru to Chile.
Pennisetum clandestinum Hochst. ex Chiov. (Syn .: Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. Ex Chiov.) Morrone ): It occurs from Eritrea to southern tropical Africa.
Pennisetum complanatum (Nees) Hemsl. (Syn .: Cenchrus complanatus (Nees) Morrone ): It occurs from Mexico to Panama.
Pennisetum distachyum (E. Fourn.) Rupr. ex Chase (Syn .: Cenchrus distachyus (E. Fourn.) Morrone ): It occurs in Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica.
Pennisetum divisum (Forssk. Ex JFGmel.) Henrard (Syn .: Cenchrus divisus (JFGmel.) Verloove, Govaerts & Buttler ): It occurs from the Sahara to northwest India.
Pennisetum durum Beal (Syn .: Cenchrus durus (Beal) Morrone ): It occurs in Mexico.
Pennisetum flaccidum Griseb. (Syn .: Cenchrus flaccidus (Griseb.) Morrone ): It occurs from Iran to Central Asia and China.
Pennisetum frutescens Leeke (Syn .: Cenchrus pilcomayensis (Mez) Morrone ): It occurs from Paraguay to northern Argentina.
Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. (Syn .: Cenchrus americanus (L.) Morrone ): It occurs from Benin to southern tropical Africa.
Pennisetum Hohenackeri Hochst. ex Steud. (Syn .: Cenchrus Hohenackeri (Hochst. Ex Steud.) Morrone ): It occurs in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Madagascar, Nepal, India and Pakistan.
Pennisetum hordeoides (Lam.) Steud. (Syn .: Cenchrus hordeoides (Lam.) Morrone ): It occurs from western tropical Africa to Chad and from Nepal to Myanmar.
Pennisetum lanatum Klotzsch (Syn .: Cenchrus lanatus (Klotzsch) Morrone ): It occurs from Afghanistan to Nepal and Tibet.
Pennisetum latifolium Spreng. (Syn .: Cenchrus latifolius (Spreng.) Morrone ): It occurs from southern and southeastern Brazil to northern Argentina and western South America.
Pennisetum × longistylum Hochst. ex A.Rich. (Syn .: Cenchrus × longistylus (Hochst. Ex A.Rich.) Thulin & SMPhillips = Cenchrus clandestinus × Cenchrus longisetus ): It occurs in Eritrea and Ethiopia.
Pennisetum macrostachyum (Brongn.) Trin. (Syn .: Cenchrus elegans (Hassk.) Veldkamp ): It occurs from Malesia to Papuasia.
Pennisetum macrourum Trin. (Syn .: Cenchrus caudatus (Schrad.) Kuntze ): It occurs from tropical and southern Africa to the Arabian Peninsula.
Pennisetum massaicum Stapf (Syn: Cenchrus massaicus (Stapf) Morrone ): It occurs from Somalia to Zimbabwe.
Pennisetum mezianum Leeke (Syn .: Cenchrus mezianus (Leeke) Morrone ): It occurs from Ethiopia to southern Africa.
Pennisetum natalense Stapf (Syn .: Cenchrus caudatus (Schrad.) Kuntze ): It occurs from tropical and southern Africa to the Arabian Peninsula.
Pennisetum nervosum (Nees) Trin. (Syn .: Cenchrus nervosus (Nees) Kuntze ): It occurs in tropical South America.
Pennisetum nodiflorum Franch. (Syn .: Cenchrus nodiflorus (Franch.) Zon. ): It occurs in west-central tropical Africa.
Pennisetum occidentale Chase (Syn .: Cenchrus occidentalis (Chase) Morrone ): It occurs from Venezuela to Peru.
Pennisetum orientale Rich. (Syn .: Cenchrus orientalis (Rich.) Morrone ): It occurs from North Africa to the Caucasus and the Indian subcontinent.
Pennisetum pedicellatum Trin. ( Cenchrus pedicellatus (Trin.) Morrone ): It occurs on Cape Verde, in Madagascar, in tropical Africa and from the Indian subcontinent to Indochina.
Pennisetum petiolare (Hochst.) Chiov. (Syn .: Cenchrus petiolaris (Hochst.) Morrone ): It occurs in northeastern tropical Africa.
Pennisetum polystachion (L.) Schult. (Syn .: Setaria parviflora (Poir.) Kerguélen ). With two subspecies:
- Pennisetum polystachion subsp. atrichum (Stapf & CEHubb.) Brunken (Syn .: Cenchrus polystachios subsp. atrichus (Stapf & CEHubb.) Morrone ): It occurs from Africa to the Arabian Peninsula.
- Pennisetum polystachion subsp. polystachion (Syn .: Cenchrus polystachios subsp. polystachios ): It occurs on Cape Verde and in Africa.
Napier grass ( Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. , Syn .: Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone ): It occurs from the Sahara to tropical Africa, on Aldabra and on the Arabian Peninsula.
Pennisetum ramosum (Hochst.) Schweinf. & Ash. (Syn .: Cenchrus ramosus (Hochst.) Morrone ): It occurs from Nigeria to Eritrea and Tanzania.
Pennisetum schweinfurthii Pilg. (Syn .: Cenchrus schweinfurthii (Pilg.) Ined.): It occurs in Ethiopia and Sudan.
Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. (Syn .: Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone ): It occurs from northern Africa to Tanzania and Afghanistan.
Pennisetum setosum (Sw.) Rich. (Syn .: Cenchrus setosus subsp. Setosus ): It occurs in Africa, on the Arabian Peninsula and from India to Indochina.
Pennisetum sieberianum (Nees) T.Durand & Schinz , (Syn .: Cenchrus sieberianus (Schltdl.) Verloove ): It occurs from western tropical Africa to the Sahara and Angola.
Pennisetum squamulatum Fresen. (Syn .: Cenchrus squamulatus (Fresen.) Morrone ) from Ethiopia to Tanzania and on the Arabian Peninsula.
Pennisetum stramineum Peter (Syn .: Cenchrus stramineus (Peter) Morrone ): It occurs from Eritrea to Tanzania.
Pennisetum subangustum (Schumach.) Stapf & CE Hubb. (Syn .: Cenchrus setosus subsp. Setosus ): It occurs in Africa, on the Arabian Peninsula and from India to Indochina.
Pennisetum thunbergii Kunth (Syn .: Cenchrus geniculatus Thunb. ): It occurs from Nigeria to Eritrea and southern Africa and on the southwestern Arabian Peninsula.
Pennisetum trachyphyllum Pilg. (Syn .: Cenchrus trachyphyllus (Pilg.) Morrone ): It occurs from Cameroon to Ethiopia and Tanzania.
Pennisetum unisetum (Nees) Benth. (Syn .: Cenchrus unisetus (Nees) Morrone ): It occurs in tropical and southern Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula.
Pennisetum villosum R.Br. ex Fresen. (Syn .: Cenchrus longisetus M.C.Johnst. ): It occurs from northeastern tropical Africa to the Arabian Peninsula.
Pennisetum violaceum (Lam.) Rich. (Syn .: Cenchrus violaceus (Lam.) Morrone ): It occurs from the Sahara to the Sahel zone.

Individual evidence

↑ Süddeutsche Zeitung: But ban on African lamp cleaner grass. Retrieved October 5, 2017 .
↑ In: CHPersoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 72 (1805)
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar Rafaël Govaerts (ed. ): Pennisetum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 4, 2020.
^ ^A ^b ^c Pennisetum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 4, 2020.

Web links

Commons : Lamp cleaning grasses - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Information on the genus Pennisetum in the Flora of China. (English)
Pennisetum . In: U. Brunken, M. Schmidt, S. Dressler, T. Janssen, A. Thiombiano, G. Zizka: West African plants - A Photo Guide. Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main 2008.

[1] Süddeutsche Zeitung: But ban on African lamp cleaner grass. Retrieved October 5, 2017 .

[2] In: CHPersoon, Syn. Pl. 1: 72 (1805)

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar Rafaël Govaerts (ed. ): Pennisetum. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 4, 2020.

[GRIN-4] A ^b ^c Pennisetum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved February 4, 2020.