Lamprophiidae

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Lamprophiidae
Lamprophis lineatus

Lamprophis lineatus

Systematics
Superordinate : Scale lizards (Lepidosauria)
Order : Scale reptiles (Squamata)
without rank: Toxicofera
Subordination : Snakes (serpentes)
Superfamily : Adder-like and viper-like (Colubroidea)
Family : Lamprophiidae
Scientific name
Lamprophiidae
Fitzinger , 1843

The Lamprophiidae are a family of small, snake-like snakes found in Africa, Madagascar , the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent .

External systematics and characteristics

External relationship of the Lamprophiidae




 Lamprophiidae


   

 Poison Snakes  (Elapidae)



   

 Adders  (Colubridae)



   

 Water snakes (Homalopsidae)



The Lamprophiidae are all small to medium-sized, snake or viper-like snakes. The family includes subfamilies and genera from the formerly paraphyletic family of the snakes (Colubridae) which are more closely related to the poisonous snakes (Elapidae) than to the snakes.

The close relationship and separation of these subfamilies and genera from the adder is based on molecular biological studies and is only supported by a few morphological features.

Zaher and colleagues name a special shape of the sulcus spermaticus for the Lamprophiidae , a channel on the inside of the hemipenis , in which the sperm are guided into the female cloaca during copulation. The spermatic sulcus of the Lamprophiidae divides on the middle section of the hemipenis.

Internal system

In the following, the systematics of the Reptile Database is shown , which is based on Pyron and colleagues.

Subfamily Aparallactinae

Atractaspis engaddensis

In the subfamily Aparallactinae there are 50 species in ten genera:

Subfamily Atractaspidinae

In the subfamily Atractaspidinae there are 24 species in two genera:

The two subfamilies Aparallactinae and Atractaspidinae are not placed in the Lamprophiidae family by Zaher and colleagues, but are grouped together to form the terrestrial viper family (Atractaspididae).

Subfamily Lamprophiinae

Diagnostic features of the subfamily Lamprophiinae are the thorn-like ossification of the skin of the hemipenis , which stand in transverse rows and are connected at the base with frill-like tissue. The characteristic is poorly developed in some taxa, such as the genus Bothrolycus .

Brown house snake ( Boaedon fuliginosus ), a specimen with a rare orange color

In the subfamily Lamprophiinae there are almost 70 species in eleven genera:

Subfamily Psammophiinae

Forskal's sand snake
Psammophis trinasalis

In the subfamily Psammophiinae there are 50 species in eight genera:

Subfamily Prosymninae

In the subfamily Prosymninae there are 16 species in only one genus:

Subfamily Pseudaspidinae

In the subfamily Pseudaspidinae there are two species in two monotypical genera:

Subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae

Diagnostic features of the subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae are the reduced thorn-like skin ossification of the hemipenis . Except for Mimophis , all higher snakes ( Caenophidia ) of Madagascar belong to this subfamily. In addition, Pseudoxyrhophiinae live on the Comoros , Ditypophis is endemic to Socotra . Amplorhinus and Duberria are endemic to the African continent.

Compsophis laphystius
Madagascarophis colubrinus

In the subfamily Pseudoxyrhophiinae there are 85 species in 23 genera:

literature

  • Hussam Zaher, Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin, John E. Cadle, Robert W. Murphy, Julio Cesar de Moura-Leite, Sandro L. Bonatto: Molecular phylogeny of advanced snakes (Serpentes, Caenophidia) with an emphasis on South American Xenodontines: a revised classification and descriptions of new taxa. Pap. Avulsos Zool. (São Paulo) vol. 49 no.11 São Paulo, 2009, doi : 10.1590 / S0031-10492009001100001 PDF

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Zaher et al. (2009), page 137.
  2. ↑ The REPTILE DATABASE: Suborder Ophidia (Serpentes) - Snakes
  3. ↑ Pyron, RA, et al. (2010): The phylogeny of advanced snakes (Colubroidea), with discovery of a new subfamily and comparison of support methods for likelihood trees. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. (2010), doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.11.006
  4. ↑ Aparallactinae in The Reptile Database
  5. ^ Atractaspidinae in The Reptile Database
  6. ↑ Zaher et al. (2009), p. 136.
  7. ^ Lamprophiinae in The Reptile Database
  8. ↑ Psammophiinae in The Reptile Database
  9. ↑ Prosymninae in Reptile Database
  10. ^ Pseudaspidinae in The Reptile Database
  11. ↑ Nicolas Vidal, William R. Branch, Olivier SG Pauwels, S. Blair Hedges, Donald G. Broadley, Michael Wink, Corinne Cruaud, Ulrich Joger, Zoltán T. Nagy: Dissecting the major African snake radiation: a molecular phylogeny of the Lamprophiidae Fitzinger (Serpentes, Caenophidia) . In: Zootaxa . tape 1945 , 2008, ISSN  1175-5326 , p. 51-66 .
  12. ↑ Pseudoxyrhophiinae in The Reptile Database
  13. ↑ JE Cadle: The dentition, systematics, and phylogeny of Pseudoxyrhopus and related genera from Madagascar (Serpentes: Colubridae), with descriptions of a new species and a new genus. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 155, 8, pages 381-443, 1999
  14. ↑ C. Kucharzewski et al .: A taxonomic mystery for more than 150 years: Identity, systematic position and Malagasy origin of the snake Elapotinus picteti Jan, 1862, and synonymy of Exallodontophis Cadle, 1999 (Serpentes: Lamprophiidae). Zootaxa, 3852, 2, pp. 179-202, 2014

Web links

Commons : Lamprophiidae  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files