Neuromed Campus
| Kepler University Hospital Neuromed Campus | |
|---|---|
| Sponsorship | Kepler University Hospital |
| place | Linz |
| state | Upper Austria |
| Country | Austria |
| Coordinates | 48 ° 16 '49 " N , 14 ° 17' 46" E |
| management | Gabriele Sachs (Medical Director) |
| beds | 663 |
| Employee | 1749 |
| including doctors | 267 |
| areas of expertise | Neurology , neurosurgery , psychiatry |
| founding | 1867 |
| Website | https://www.kepleruniklinikum.at/services/fuer-patientinnen-und-patienten/haben-am-neuromed-campus/ |
The Neuromed Campus location of the Kepler University Clinic (KUK) in Linz was known as the State Psychiatric Clinic Wagner-Jauregg until 2016 . It is located in the Andreas-Hofer-Platzviertel in the Waldegg district . The area around the hospital is also called Niedernhart .
Until 1970 the hospital was known as the "Upper Austrian State Healing and Care Institution Niedernhart", then as the "Wagner-Jauregg Hospital" and from 1994 as the "State Psychiatric Clinic Wagner-Jauregg".
history
The first psychiatric facility in Linz was established in 1788 in the Prunerstift . The building, known as the " madhouse ", marks the beginning of care for the mentally ill as an institution in the country. In its early days, the facility served the custody of the sick rather than their medical treatment. The guards were responsible for the patients, the "madmen" were mostly tied to their beds, which was not necessarily good for their health. However, doctors were only consulted in special cases. The hygienic conditions were also catastrophic. All of these grievances were first mentioned in an official letter in 1824, and the establishment of a new institution was requested. This at least led to an improvement in the sanitary situation and to the end of the shackles of the inmates. Free medical care was now also required. In 1834 institutional regulations were introduced and a primary physician was appointed. A silk plantation was laid out in order to provide work and employment for the patients of the institution, which was a novelty for the time.
A lack of space meant that the Upper Austrian state parliament decided to set up a "model institute" in Niedernhart, which is now part of the Waldegg district of Linz. In 1864, the architect Johann Metz prepared a plan for a building that was revised several times and that met all the requirements of the time. The facility had 228 beds and was opened on September 22, 1867 as the state insane asylum in Niedernhart . In 1893 the number of patients had risen to 500 people. In addition to the acquisition of Gschwendt Castle near Neuhofen an der Krems , two men's wards with 100 beds were built in 1896, a women's wing with 150 beds in 1903 and an additional men's ward with 150 beds in 1911.
First World War
The First World War affected the mental institution in a number of ways. There was a shortage of staff due to drafts and the lack of food and heating material, the outbreak of epidemics and the high number of sick people in the institution caused great problems. During the war, more than 1,000 patients died in Niedernhart, especially in 1917 there was a mass death. In addition to the inadequate diet, the inadequate medical care, the "overcrowding" of the institution with sick people, this may also have been due to the outbreak of epidemics and the lack of adequate isolation options for infectious patients and other deficiencies. In April 1916 a psychiatric department of the kuk garrison hospital No. 4 Linz for mentally ill soldiers was opened in Niedernhart, this department existed until November 1918.
First republic
While in the period from 1880 to 1912 six structural extensions had taken place, with which the "occupancy room" of the institution was ultimately increased to around 800 beds (including 100 beds in the branch in Gschwendt), the number of beds in the Niedernhart institution only increased in the interwar period once expanded - to 868 beds. Throughout the interwar period, the asylum's "overcrowding" was a major problem that could not be fully resolved. In 1923, malaria treatment for progressive paralysis , a healing method for syphilis , which was previously considered incurable , was introduced in Niedernhart . Julius Wagner-Jauregg , who later named the clinic, developed this method, and in 1927 he received the Nobel Prize for it . However, Wagner-Jauregg never worked in the Linz institution. In the 1920s, the Niedernhart institution tried to meet the modern requirements of the hospital system with regard to the treatment, examination and employment of patients as well as with regard to training opportunities for doctors and staff. In this context, around 1925, the official name of the institution was also changed from "Landes-Irrenanstalt Niedernhart-Linz" to "Landes-Heil- und Pflegeanstalt Niedernhart". Despite the improvements, there were still shortcomings in the medical-technical area. Successor of the institution director Dr. In 1926 (until the Nazi era) Franz Schnopfhagen became Dr. Josef Bohm. In the 1930s, work therapy according to Hermann Simon was successfully introduced as a method of psychotherapy , but other forms of therapy, such as psychoanalysis , were dispensed with. In 1937 the "convulsion therapy" developed by the Hungarian psychiatrist Ladislas J. Meduna was introduced in Niedernhart.
time of the nationalsocialism
In 1938, under the direction of Rudolf Lonauer, the darkest chapter in the history of the clinic began. In the course of the “keeping the race clean” propagated by the National Socialists, the mentally and physically handicapped, manic-depressive, epileptic and sensory impaired people were often sterilized because they did not fit into the “German view of man”.
Later began the targeted " destruction of life unworthy of life ". In the Hartheim killing center and five other killing centers, over 70,000 people fell victim to the so-called "euthanasia" in Action T4 . This is also noticeable in the number of patients at the clinic in 1945: of 1150 patients, only 363 remained.
post war period
The new beginning after the Second World War was difficult, as there was considerable damage from air raids. Initially, parts of the clinic were temporarily moved to the state women's clinic. In 1970 the new building was completed and the hospital was renamed " Wagner-Jauregg Hospital of the State of Upper Austria ". In 1995 the groundbreaking ceremony for the new building of the State Neurological Clinic was made. The modern hospital building was ceremoniously opened in 2003, the new building from 1970, which is rather unsuitable from today's perspective, was demolished. Since the 1990s the trend towards “open psychiatry” has been shaped and advances have been made in the fields of neurology and neurosurgery .
Since January 1, 2016, the LNK has been operating as the Neuromed Campus location of the Kepler University Hospital (KUK) - amalgamated with the General Hospital of the City of Linz and the State Women's and Children's Clinic .
Facility
organization
The legal entity of the Neuromed Campus location is Kepler Universitätsklinikum GmbH.
The hospital's collegial management is formed by a medical directorate, a commercial directorate and a nursing directorate.
Medical focus
The focus of the hospital is the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system as well as in the psychological area.
The neurosurgical ward has an intensive care unit for the treatment of brain diseases. The neurological station specializes in diseases such as Parkinson's disease , multiple sclerosis , strokes and epilepsy.
The third major section is psychiatry . In addition to conventional psychiatry, there are also special areas, such as adolescent psychiatry, the treatment of addicts, forensic psychiatry and psychosomatics .
Name dispute
Again and again - especially by the Upper Austrian Greens - it was pointed out that Julius Wagner-Jauregg's scientific publications were heavily influenced by National Socialist ideas and that the naming of the state mental hospital was therefore not acceptable.
See also
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b The Kepler University Hospital is taking shape auf nachrichten.at ( OÖN ), November 16, 2015
- ↑ a b c Annual Report 2011 ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Wolfgang Neugebauer / Peter Schwarz: Julius Wagner-Jauregg - Nobel Prize Winner in Twilight. On the historical-political assessment of Julius Wagner-Jauregg (1857–1940), in: Yearbook of the Documentation Archive of Austrian Resistance 2006, pp. 124–169
- ^ Gustav Hofmann: 200 years of the psychiatric hospital in Upper Austria. Linz, 1988. p. 5
- ↑ a b Cf. Markus Rachbauer: From the place of custody to the sanatorium? The psychiatric institution Niedernhart 1918-1938 , in: Oberösterreichisches Landesarchiv (Ed.), Upper Austria 1918–1938, Vol. IV, Linz 2016, pp. 63–130.
