State arboretum of Baden-Württemberg
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The Landesarboretum - Exotic Garden with Hohenheim Landscape Garden is part of the Hohenheim Gardens in Stuttgart , along with the Botanical Garden . The arboretum is used to present interesting horticultural assortments of trees and to provide plant material for the purpose of research and teaching at various university institutions .
Types and purpose
Around 2,450 different types of deciduous and coniferous trees, varieties and shapes on an area of 16.5 hectares serve students from universities and technical colleges as well as students from the Hohenheim Horticultural School as teaching and visual objects. One focus in the selection of trees is the presentation of horticultural interesting assortments. It will u. a. Horticultural studies carried out with regard to ornamental value, winter hardiness, suitability for socialization and other important horticultural properties.
The State School for Horticulture at the University of Hohenheim played a major role in the studies mentioned . The Exotic Garden is also used very heavily for teaching by the State School for Horticulture. In many ways the involvement of the garden in the training takes place in the areas of floristry , production horticulture and landscaping instead. In the same way, the state arboretum is involved in the training of other institutions, such as the local schools or the landscape architecture department at the Nürtingen-Geislingen University of Economics and Environment .
In addition, the garden is not only used for recreation for Stuttgart citizens, and courses and guided tours are offered on an ongoing basis as part of adult education. Groups and clubs have the opportunity to request special dates for guided tours. The latest development is the offer of an online database in which all existing trees are recorded. Information on the respective location then makes it easier to find the location.
Historical development
The origin of the state arboretum goes back to the 18th century. Between 1776 and 1793, Duke Carl Eugen von Württemberg began to convert a 21 hectare site southwest of Hohenheim Castle into an English landscape park . A first list of trees results from the year 1779. In 1780 the first gardeners were trained.
Equipped with around 60 buildings and monuments, it initially served the Duke and his then favorite Franziska von Leutrum , who later became Countess of Hohenheim, for leisure time or for festivities. Two special gardens were created within the landscape garden: a “garden in which all of the Württemberg plants are located” and an “American garden” with a population of North American trees.
As early as 1783, the botanical collection comprised 120 species, at that time the richest and most complete collection of foreign trees and shrubs in Germany. After the death of Duke Carl Eugen in 1793, the complex was made accessible to the public, the buildings were gradually demolished and a new use of the garden came to the fore: most of the natural garden was converted into an “exotic state tree nursery”. In 1797 an exotic tree nursery was set up for forest research. An exotic state tree nursery had been created by 1813, which was oriented towards botanical and scientific research.
In addition to examining foreign woody plants for local forestry and growing young plants for the ducal facilities, the garden soon served the botanical studies of the Hohenheim students. In 1920 it was assigned to the "State Horticultural School of Württemberg".
In the middle of the 19th century the garden was severely narrowed due to loss of area, in 1930/31 the tree nursery was cleared and the garden returned to its original state. Even in times of changed use, the old stock of trees from the beginning was not touched, so that today individual imposing specimens of wood, planted in the founding years, can still be admired. In 1932 the "Japansee" was added.
In 1953 the so-called Exotic Garden was elevated to the state arboretum of Baden-Württemberg . It is part of the research station for horticulture at the University of Hohenheim.
The overall appearance of the state arboretum is shaped by the old stock of trees, some of which have been preserved from the time of the first complex. Special mention should be made of a plane tree and several tulip trees that were planted in 1779. A small wood garden, a perennial and a rhododendron plant complete the picture of the range of woody plants, which consists of numerous precious rarities.
A special aspect is the completed extension of the state arboretum by 7.4 hectares. This created opportunities to expand the spectrum of species and to restore the "old" part of the garden to the original character of a landscape park.
The playhouse in the exotic garden, one of the three remaining buildings from the Wilhelminian era, houses the Museum of the History of Hohenheim, which provides even more detailed information about the history of the garden.
Extension of the Hohenheim Gardens: the Hohenheim Landscape Garden
A large number of shrub assortments and also individual tree specimens are under intense competitive pressure in the old part of the Exotic Garden. For this reason, but also to emphasize the historically significant structures of the garden, extensive clearings through clearing and replanting are inevitable. That is why planning for the expansion of the Hohenheim Gardens was carried out intensively from 1994 onwards.
The arboretum was expanded to an area of 7.4 hectares on a former arable land and a meadow in spatial connection with the exotic and the Hohenheim Botanical Garden. For the terrain modeling, around 140,000 m³ of earth were approached from 1996 to remove the distinctive elements of the expansion area how to fill up the viewpoint and the hill to Mittlerer Filderstrasse. The costs for the modeling of the site as well as for the construction of the main access routes could be financed as far as possible through filling fees.
Thanks to the generous support of numerous sponsors, the first trees were planted in December 1997. A wood sculpture with six columned hornbeams was planted on the upper vantage point and a wall of six Crimean linden trees was planted on the lower hill . In the meantime, a monopteros has been erected on the upper observation hill with the support of a donor , a widely visible characteristic of the new part of the garden and a link between modern and historical garden architecture. This building corresponds to the heart of Hohenheim, the palace of Duke Carl Eugen. The planting of 200 more trees in the spring of 1998 was only possible through generous donations.
The basic character of the extension area represents a natural landscape garden. From the lookout point in the upper part and the hill in the lower part of the extension area, there are visual relationships to the castle and the open landscape.
Malus (ornamental apples) serve as guide trees in the western area to the schools, to the north to the Prunus Botanical Garden (ornamental cherries, plums, almonds, etc.), in the area of the hill in the southeast Crataegus (hawthorn, hawthorn), on the rear side of the On the hill facing the street, wild trees were planted on the noise protection wall.
The plantings in the edge areas were laid out as space-effective scaffolding with large trees and shrubs, various wild perennials serve as the herb layer. The compacted woody plantations on the three edges go over to open meadow areas in the central area and to near-natural planting on the stream in the south. In addition to the paved main paths, grass paths open up the spacious areas in order to better guide the viewer to the variety of plants.
The underplanting of the groups of trees and bushes was carried out over a large area with a perennial community adapted to the respective location according to vegetation and design aspects. The relocation of the scientific collections was carried out according to both aesthetic and design aspects.
The expansion of the areas made it possible to give the exotic garden more of the character of an English landscape garden. At the same time, the range of courses in the natural and agricultural science courses as well as for the Hohenheim Horticultural School was significantly expanded.
The Hohenheim Gardens, the State Arboretum - Exotic Garden with Hohenheim Landscape Garden and the Botanical Garden now have a total area of over 33 hectares. The range of trees and shrubs in the State Arboretum - Exotic Garden with Hohenheim Landscape Garden now comprises over 4000 different species, subspecies and cultivars. A total of 270 species from over 90 plant families are represented in the woody area.
See also
Web links
- Research station for horticulture at the University of Hohenheim
- University of Hohenheim
- Woodland database of the Baden-Württemberg State Arboretum
Coordinates: 48 ° 42 ′ 33 " N , 9 ° 12 ′ 28" E