Lower Austrian Provincial Nerve Clinic Gugging

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Lower Austrian Provincial Nerve Clinic Gugging
place Maria Gugging
Country Austria
Website
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Central building of the n.ö. State insane asylum , around 1912, built in 1895.
Institute of Science and Technology Austria , southwest view of the converted central building of the former institution, 2010.

The Lower Austrian State Insane Asylum Kierling Gugging in Maria Gugging was a psychiatric hospital . This was put into operation in 1885 as the insane asylum branch Gugging-Kierling and dissolved in 2007 as the Lower Austrian State Nerve Clinic East - Klosterneuburg-Gugging . The institution has been renamed several times over the years.

history

On April 1, 1885, the Gugging-Kierling insane asylum went into operation. Initially, it was a branch of the state insane asylum housed in a disused factory building on Martinstrasse in Klosterneuburg . This in turn was founded as a space extension to existing institutions in Vienna and Ybbs.

In April 1886 construction began on the first building of the Lower Austrian state mental institution Kierling Gugging . This was officially renamed on July 1, 1890 and given its own management.

On August 17, 1896, the state insane asylum was opened with the opening of the n.ö. State nursing and employment institution for feeble-minded children expanded. Sisters of the Order of Mercy Sisters of the Holy Cross in Linz were brought in to care for the children interned there .

On January 1, 1907, the name was changed again to n.ö. State insane asylum Gugging .

In the mid-1920s the renaming of the n.ö. State insane asylum Gugging in sanatorium and nursing home Gugging .

time of the nationalsocialism

During the National Socialist rule, people who were viewed by the National Socialists as "unworthy lives" were murdered in the institution as part of Action T4 . As of 1943, over 330 people, probably including teenagers and children, were killed. The director of the institution Emil Gelny (1890–1961) poisoned the patients with drugs or killed them with a specially constructed high-voltage device. Another 600 patients from the institution were transferred to Hartheim Castle near Linz and gassed there.

Czech estimates that in Gugging a total of 2,100 patients were murdered by gassing, electric shocks, poisoning and systematic starvation.

Post-war period and developments up to the present

On April 6 and 7, 1945, Russian troops advanced from St. Andrä Wölker via Maria Gugging to Klosterneuburg as part of the western encirclement of Vienna. On April 12, 1945, Gugging and Kierling were evacuated by the Russians - with the exception of the institution. There was a lack of food, clothing and fuel. In 1946 and 1947 the emergency was alleviated with the support of Swiss, Danes and Americans.

On July 14, 1947, the Vienna People's Court (file number Vg 11h Vr 455/46) sentenced four nurses and five nurses in the “Gelny Trial” to partly long prison sentences for aiding and abetting murder in the Gugging and Mauer-Öhling sanatoriums . Emil Gelny was able to escape the Austrian courts by fleeing after the war.

In 1954 all pavilions of the institution were modernized. In 1957, Kierling-Gugging was taken over from its welfare status to the Association of Hospitals.

1966/1967 a further renamed the mental hospital Gugging in Lower Austrian hospital for psychiatry and neurology Klosterneuburg .

From 1976 the then director Alois Marksteiner suggested comprehensive and authoritative forms of psychiatry . With Marksteiner's support, the psychiatrist Leo Navratil founded the Center for Art Psychotherapy in 1981 , which was officially renamed the House of Artists by Johann Feilacher in 1986 and is now the core of the Art / Brut Center Gugging .

On October 31, 1989, the Lower Austrian State Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurology Klosterneuburg was renamed the Lower Austrian State Neurological Clinic East - Klosterneuburg-Gugging .

In 2007 the Lower Austrian Nerve Clinic East - Klosterneuburg-Gugging was completely dissolved.

The Art / Brut Center Gugging and the Institute of Science and Technology Austria are located on their premises today .

Name change history

History of the name changes of the psychiatric clinic in Gugging
Period Name change
1885 Commissioning as the insane asylum branch Gugging-Kierling
1890 Opening of the Kierling Gugging state insane asylum with an independent management
1907 Renaming to n.ö. State insane asylum Gugging
circa 1925 Renaming to Gugging Sanatorium
1966/67 Renaming to Lower Austria State Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurology Klosterneuburg
2007 Dissolution of the Lower Austrian Nervous Clinic East - Klosterneuburg-Gugging

See also

literature

  • Lower Austrian insane asylum Gugging near Vienna. In: Heinrich Schlöss (Red.): The care for the insane in Austria in words and pictures. Halle ad Saale 1912, pp. 199–216.
  • Adalbert Tilkowsky: The public insane being in Austria. In: Oesterreichs Wohlfahrtseinrichtungen 1848–1898. Festschrift in honor of the 50th anniversary of the reign of His kuk Apostolic Majesty Emperor Franz Joseph I., Vol. III: Health care. Vienna 1900, pp. 357-377.
  • Rainer Danzinger, Alois Marksteiner (eds.): Gugging - attempt at a psychiatric reform. 100 years of the Lower Austrian State Hospital for Psychiatry and Neurology. Klosterneuburg, Salzburg 1985.
  • Hans Laehr: The institutions for the mentally ill in Germany, Austria, Switzerland and the Baltic countries. 7th edition. Berlin 1912, pp. 71-72.
  • Hans Laehr: The institutions for the mentally ill, nervous, feeble-minded, epileptic, alcoholic etc. in Germany, Austria and Switzerland including the psychiatric and neurological scientific institutes. 9. Edit again Edition Berlin-Leipzig 1937, p. 122.
  • Angela Danbauer: The Gugging Sanatorium during the Nazi era. Thesis. Vienna 2012.

Web links

Commons : Niederösterreichische Landesnervenklinik Gugging  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Zippel, Christine: The history of the sanatorium and nursing home Gugging from 1885 to 1938 . In: Stadtgemeinde Klosterneuburg, Stadtarchiv / Stadtmuseum in cooperation with the Institute for Art History, Building Research and Monument Preservation of the Vienna University of Technology, the Institute of Science and Technology Austria (Ed.): Klosterneuburg. History and culture . 1st edition. tape 3 . Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-85028-489-9 .
  2. ↑ H. Czech: From “Aktion T4” to “decentralized euthanasia”. The Lower Austrian sanatoriums and nursing homes Gugging, Mauer-Öhling and Ybbs. Yearbook of the Documentation Archive of the Austrian Resistance, 2016, quoted in according to: G. Gazdag, GS Ungvari, H. Czech: Mass killing under the guise of ECT: the darkest chapter in the history of biological psychiatry. In: History of Psychiatry 28.4, pp. 482-488, here p. 485.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Bäck, Wolfgang: The history of the state neurological clinic after 1945 in grazing lights . Ed .: Stadtgemeinde Klosterneuburg, Stadtarchiv / Stadtmuseum, in cooperation with the Institute for Art History, Building Research and Monument Preservation of the Vienna University of Technology, the Institute of Science and Technology Austria. 1st edition. tape 3 . Vienna 2009, ISBN 978-3-85028-489-9 .
  4. ↑ https://www.ots.at/presseaussendung/OTS_20000920_OTS0231/landesnervenklinik-gugging-wird-aufendung

Coordinates: 48 ° 18 ′ 35.1 ″  N , 16 ° 15 ′ 34.8 ″  E