Cohors II Gallorum (Moesia)

The Cohors II Gallorum ( German 2nd cohort of the Gauls ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and an inscription.

Name components

Gallorum : the Gaul . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from the various tribes of the Gauls in the Roman province of Gallia Lugdunensis when the unit was established .

Since there is no evidence of the additions milliaria (1000 men) and equitata (partially mounted), it can be assumed that it is a pure infantry cohort, a Cohors (quingenaria) peditata . The nominal strength of the unit was 480 men, consisting of 6 Centuries with 80 men each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces of Moesia Inferior and Dacia Inferior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years 92 to 167/168 AD.

The first evidence of unity in the province of Moesia Inferior is based on a diploma dated 92. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated from 99 to 114, prove unity in the same province.

The first evidence of unity in the province of Dacia Inferior is based on a diploma dated 123. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Dacia ) that were stationed in the province. Further diplomas, dated from 129/130 to 167/168, prove unity in the same province.

Locations

The locations of the cohort are not known.

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known:

Commanders

T (itus) Visulanius Crescens, a prefect ( CIL 11, 709 ). He is named on the diploma of 99 as the commander of the cohort and was also the tribune of the Cohors I Civium Romanorum .

Others

M (arcus) Antonius Rufus, a foot soldier: the diploma of 99 was issued to him.

Further cohorts with the designation Cohors II Gallorum

There were at least three other cohorts with this designation:

the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) . She is documented by military diplomas from 98 to 178 and was stationed in the province of Britannia .
the Cohors II Gallorum Macedonica . She is documented by diplomas from 93 to 161 and was stationed in the provinces of Macedonia , Moesia Superior and Dacia.
the Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica . It is evidenced by diplomas from 109 to 179 and was stationed in the provinces of Pannonia , Dacia and Moesia Superior.

Military diplomas also prove that a Cohors II Gallorum was stationed in the provinces of Mauretania Caesariensis and Raetia . The cohort in Raetia was stationed in Sorviodurum between 75/85 and 90 AD . This unit may be the Cohors II Gallorum (Moesia) or the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) .

Remarks

↑ The scenario given here follows the explanations of Jörg Scheuerbrandt and Ovidiu Țentea / Florian Matei-Popescu . They assume that the unit stationed in Moesia Inferior and Dacia Inferior is an independent Cohors II Gallorum . John Spaul on the other hand assigns the military diplomas from Moesia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) and the diplomas from Dacia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica .

Individual evidence

↑ John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , page 151 -152, 157-159
^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 166, 171 tables 9, 13 ( PDF p. 168, 173 ).
^ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 282 ( online ).
↑ Military diplomas of the years 92 ( AE 2003, 1548 ), 99 ( CIL 16, 44 ), 105 ( CIL 16, 50 ), 107 ( ZPE-192-222 ), 114 ( CIL 16, 58 ), 123 ( ZPE-195 -237 ), 129/130 ( RMD 5, 376 , RMD 5, 380 ), 140 ( RMD 1, 39 ), 146 ( RMD 4, 269 , AE 2011, 1791 ) and 167/168 ( RMD 5, 442 ).

[GE-5] The scenario given here follows the explanations of Jörg Scheuerbrandt and Ovidiu Țentea / Florian Matei-Popescu . They assume that the unit stationed in Moesia Inferior and Dacia Inferior is an independent Cohors II Gallorum . John Spaul on the other hand assigns the military diplomas from Moesia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum (Britannia) and the diplomas from Dacia Inferior to the Cohors II Gallorum Pannonica .

[jsp-1] John Spaul: Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4 , page 151 -152, 157-159

[js-2] Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 166, 171 tables 9, 13 ( PDF p. 168, 173 ).

[ot-fmp-3] Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here p. 282 ( online ).

[MD-4] Military diplomas of the years 92 ( AE 2003, 1548 ), 99 ( CIL 16, 44 ), 105 ( CIL 16, 50 ), 107 ( ZPE-192-222 ), 114 ( CIL 16, 58 ), 123 ( ZPE-195 -237 ), 129/130 ( RMD 5, 376 , RMD 5, 380 ), 140 ( RMD 1, 39 ), 146 ( RMD 4, 269 , AE 2011, 1791 ) and 167/168 ( RMD 5, 442 ).