Cohors I Civium Romanorum

The Cohors I Civium Romanorum [ingenuorum] [equitata] [pia fidelis] ( German  1st cohort of Roman citizens [of the locals] [partly mounted] [loyal and loyal] ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas , inscriptions and brick stamps. According to John Spaul, the cohort is identical to the Cohors I Ingenuorum listed in inscriptions .

Name components

• Cohors : The cohort was an infantry unit of the auxiliary troops in the Roman army .

• I : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the first ( Latin prima ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Cohors prima ...

• civium Romanorum : the Roman citizen . The soldiers of the cohort were recruited from Roman citizens when the unit was established.

• ingenuorum : the native or the freeborn. The addition appears in two inscriptions.

• equitata : partially mounted. The unit was a mixed association of infantry and cavalry. The addition appears in two inscriptions.

• pia fidelis : loyal and loyal. Domitian (81-96) gave the Roman armed forces in Germania inferior who remained loyal to him after the suppression of the uprising of Lucius Antonius Saturninus the honorary designation pia fidelis Domitiana . The addition appears in one of the diplomas of 101 and in an inscription.

Since there is no evidence of the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was a Cohors quingenaria equitata . The nominal strength of the cohort was 600 men (480 infantry and 120 horsemen), consisting of 6 centuries of infantry with 80 men each and 4 tower cavalry with 30 horsemen each.

history

The cohort was stationed in the provinces Germania inferior and Germania superior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 98-134.

There are various conjectures about the beginnings of the unit. The cohort may be listed on two military degrees dated 81/84 and 95/96. The first evidence of unity in the province of Germania inferior is based on a diploma dated 98. In the diploma, the cohort is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Germania ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 101, prove unity in the same province.

Between 101 and 116 the cohort was moved to the province of Germania superior . The first evidence of unity in the province is based on a diploma dated 116. Another diploma, dated 134, proves unity in the same province.

The last evidence of the cohort in Germania superior is based on an inscription which is dated to 211.

Locations

Locations of the cohort in Germania were possibly:

• Fort Seligenstadt : an inscription was found here.

An inscription and a brick with the stamp of the unit were found at the Großkrotzenburg fort . In addition, bricks with the stamp of the unit were also found at Arzbach and Bad Ems as well as at the forts in Arnsburg , Kesselstadt and Saalburg . An inscription shows that soldiers of the unit worked in quarries near Brohl .

Members of the cohort

The following members of the cohort are known.

Commanders

[] Spi [], a prefect ( CIL 9, 5362 ) Gaius Iulius Rufinus : he is named on a diploma of 101 as a commander. Flavius ​​Antiochus , a prefect Lucius Attius Lucanus , a tribune ( CIL 12, 3177 )

Lucius Flavius ​​Saecularis , a prefect Q. Lu [] didius Macrinus Titus Mestrius Severus , a tribune Titus Visulanius Crescens , a tribune

Others

[T (itus)] Corn (elius) Flavus, a soldier ( AE 1955, 113 ) C (aius) Mucius Clemens, a Centurion ( AE 1955, 113 ) C (aius) Ligurius Asper, a centurion ( CIL 5, 3936 )

[] Junius Ela [] us, a centurion ( AE 1978, 555 ) Mucacentus, a Centurion: a diploma of 101 ( RMM 9 ) was issued to him.

See also

List of Roman auxiliary units

Roman armed forces in Germania

literature

• John Spaul : Cohors² The evidence for and a short history of the auxiliary infantry units of the Imperial Roman Army , British Archaeological Reports 2000, BAR International Series (Book 841), ISBN 978-1-84171-046-4

Remarks

1. ↑ ^{a b} The assignment to the unit is assumed, but is not certain.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Inscriptions with ingenuorum ( CIL 5, 3936 , CIL 12, 3177 ).
2. ↑ Inscriptions with equitata ( CIL 6, 3520 , CIL 13, 7411 ).
3. ^ Paul A. Holder : Exercitus Pius Fidelis: The Army of Germania Inferior in AD 89 In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 128 (1999), pp. 237-250, here pp. 237, 241, 246, 248 ( PDF ).
4. ↑ Inscription with pia fidelis ( CIL 13, 7411 ).
5. ↑ Military diplomas of the years 81/84 ( ZPE-143-205 ), 95/96 ( ZPE-143-211 ), 98 ( RMD 4, 216 ), 101 ( RMM 00009 , ZPE-187-279 ), 116 ( CIL 16 , 62 ) and 134 ( CIL 16, 80 ).
6. ^ ^{A b c} John Spaul , Cohors², pp. 19-20, 24-25.
7. ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, pp. 158–159, Tables 2–3 ( PDF ).
8. ↑ ^{a b} Jan Kees Haalebos : Traian and the auxiliary troops on the Lower Rhine A military diploma of the year 98 AD from Elst in the Over-Betuwe (Netherlands) In: Saalberg Jahrbuch , 2000/50, pp. 31-72, here p. 51 ( online ).
9. ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl: Sex. Iulius Frontinus as a legate of the Lower Germanic army. On new military diplomas in the Germanic provinces In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 143 (2003), pp. 205–219, here pp. 206, 208, 214–215 ( online ).
10. ↑ ^{a b} inscription from Großkrotzenburg ( CIL 13, 7411 ).
11. ↑ Inscription from Seligenstadt ( Ness-Lieb 00159 ).
12. ^ Bricks from Großkrotzenburg : stamp COH ICR ( CIL 13, 12427 ).
13. ^ Bricks from Arzbach : Stamp COH I CIV R ( CIL 13, 12430b ).
14. ^ Bricks from Bad Ems : Stamp COH I CIV R ( CIL 13, 12430a ).
15. ^ Bricks from Arnsburg : stamp COH ICR ( AE 1903, 00093d , CIL 13, 12427 ).
16. ↑ Bricks from Kesselstadt : stamp COH I CIVIUM ROMANORUM ( AE 1900, 00214b ) and COH ICR ( CIL 13, 12426.1 , CIL 13, 12426.2 , CIL 13, 12426.3 ).
17. ^ Bricks from Saalburg : stamp COH I CIV R ( CIL 13, 12440 ).
18. ^ Inscription from Brohl ( CIL 13, 7706 ).